Ukutshala imali kumasheya kuyindlela enhle yokwandisa umcebo. Kubatshalizimali besikhathi eside, amasheya angukutshalwa kwemali okuhle ngisho nangezikhathi zokungazinzi kwemakethe - ukwehla kwemakethe yamasheya kumane kusho ukuthi amasheya amaningi ayathengiswa.
Enye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zabaqalayo ukuqala ukutshala imali emakethe yamasheya ukufaka imali kwi-akhawunti yokutshala imali online, engasetshenziselwa ukuthenga amasheya noma izimali ezihlangene yezenzo. Ngabathengi abaningi online, ungaqala ukutshala imali ngentengo yesabelo esisodwa.
Ungatshala kanjani imali ezimakethe zamasheya zase-US
Nakhu ukuthi ungatshala kanjani esitokisini ngezinyathelo eziyisithupha:
1. Nquma ukuthi ufuna ukutshala kanjani esitokisini
Kunezindlela eziningana zokusondela ekutshalweni kwezimali. Khetha inketho engezansi emele kahle kakhulu ukuthi ufuna ukutshala imali nokuthi ungathanda ukuba lusizo kanjani ekukhetheni amasheya otshala imali kuwo.
Ngiluhlobo lwe-DIY futhi nginentshisekelo yokuzikhethela amasheya nezimali zesitoko. Qhubeka ufunde; Lo mbhalo ubheka izinto abatshalizimali abasebenzayo abadinga ukuzazi, kufaka phakathi ukuthi bangayikhetha kanjani i-akhawunti efanelekile yezidingo zabo nokuthi ungaqhathanisa kanjani ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezemali.
Ngiyazi ukuthi amasheya angaba wutshalomali olukhulu, kepha ngingathanda ukuthi othile angiphathele le nqubo. Ungaba yilungu elihle lokuthola umeluleki we-robo, insizakalo enikeza ukuphathwa kokutshalwa kwezindleko eziphansi. Cishe wonke amafemu amakhulu okuhweba ahlinzeka ngalezi zinsizakalo, utshale imali yakho ngokuya ngezinjongo zakho ezithile.
Lapho usunokukhetha engqondweni, usukulungele ukuthenga i-akhawunti.
2. Khetha i-akhawunti yokutshala imali
Ngokuvamile, ukutshala imali kumasheya, udinga i-akhawunti yokutshala imali. Ngezinhlobo ezingokoqobo, lokhu kuvame ukusho i-akhawunti yomthengisi. Kulabo abafuna usizo oluncane, vula i-akhawunti nge- umeluleki we-robo kuyindlela enengqondo. Siphula zombili izinqubo ezingezansi.
Iphuzu elibalulekile: bobabili abadayisi nabeluleki be-robo bakuvumela ukuthi uvule i-akhawunti ngemali encane kakhulu.
Inketho ye-DIY: VULA i-akhawunti yamabhuleki
I-akhawunti ye-brokerage eku-inthanethi mhlawumbe inikela ngendlela yakho esheshayo futhi ebiza kakhulu yokuthenga amasheya, izimali, nolunye utshalomali oluhlukahlukene. Ngomthengisi, ungavula i-akhawunti yomuntu ngamunye yokuthatha umhlalaphansi, eyaziwa nangokuthi IYA KU , noma ungavula i-akhawunti yentela yomthengisi uma usuvele wonga ngokwanele ukuthola umhlalaphansi kwenye indawo.
Uzofuna ukuhlola abadayisi ngokuya ngezinto ezifana nezindleko (amakhomishini wokuhweba, imali ye-akhawunti), ukukhethwa kokutshalwa kwezimali (funa ukukhetha okuhle kwama-ETF angenakhomishini uma uthanda izimali), nocwaningo lwabatshali zimali namathuluzi.
UKUKHETHA OKUDLULA: VULA I-AKHAWUNTI YOMELULEKI WABASEBENZI
Umeluleki we-robo unikeza izinzuzo zokutshala imali kumasheya, kepha akadingi ukuthi umnikazi wawo enze isisekelo esidingekayo sokukhetha utshalomali ngalunye. Izinsizakalo zabeluleki bezintambo zinikeza ukuphathwa okuphelele kokutshalwa kwezimali - Lezi zinkampani zizokubuza ngezinjongo zakho zokutshala imali ngesikhathi senqubo yokugibela bese zikwenzela iphothifoliyo eyenzelwe ukufeza lezo zinhloso.
Lokhu kungazwakala kubiza, kepha izimali zokuphatha lapha ngokuvamile ziyingxenyana yezindleko zalokho umphathi wezokutshalwa kwezimali womuntu angakukhokhisa - iningi labeluleki bama-robo likhokhisa cishe u-0.25% webhalansi ye-akhawunti yakho. Futhi, ungathola futhi i-IRA kusuka kumeluleki we-robo uma ufuna.
Njengebhonasi, uma uvula i-akhawunti nge-robo-advisor, awudingi ukuthi ufunde kabanzi kule ndatshana; konke okunye kwenzelwa lezo zinhlobo ze-DIY.
3. Yazi umehluko phakathi kwamasheya nezimali ezihlanganyelwayo zesitoko.
Ukuhamba ngomzila we-DIY? Ungakhathazeki. Ukutshala imali kumasheya akudingeki kube nzima. Kubantu abaningi, ukutshala imali emakethe yamasheya kusho ukukhetha phakathi kwalokhu izinhlobo ezimbili zotshalo-mali:
Izimali ezihlanganyelwayo zesitoko noma izimali ezihwebelana ngokushintshaniswa. Izimali ezihlanganyelweyo zikuvumela ukuthi uthenge izingcezu ezincane zamasheya amaningi ngokuthengiselana okukodwa. Izimali zezinkomba nama-ETFs ziluhlobo lwesikhwama esihlanganyelweyo esilandela inkomba; isibonelo, isikhwama se- I-Standard & Poor’s 500 iphinda leyo nkomba ngokuthenga amasheya ezinkampani eziyenzayo. Uma utshala imali esikhwameni, unezingxenye ezincane zalezo zinkampani. Ungahlanganisa izimali eziningi ukwakha iphothifoliyo ehlukahlukene. Qaphela ukuthi isikhwama semali esivumelana ngamasheya kwesinye isikhathi sibizwa nangokuthi yimali yesheya mutual.
Izenzo zomuntu ngamunye. Uma ufuna inkampani ethile, ungathenga isitoko esisodwa noma amasheya ambalwa njengendlela yokuntywila emanzini okuhweba ngamasheya. Kungenzeka ukwakha iphothifoliyo ehlukahlukene kusuka kumasheya amaningi ngamanye, kepha kudinga utshalomali olubalulekile.
Inzuzo yezimali ezihlanganyelwayo zesitoko ukuthi zihlukaniswe ngokwemvelo, ukunciphisa ubungozi bakho. Kwabaningi babatshalizimali, ikakhulukazi labo abatshala imali abayongele umhlalaphansi, iphothifoliyo eyenziwe ngokuyinhloko ngezimali ezihlangene iyona ndlela ecacile.
Kepha izimali ezihlanganyelanayo akunakwenzeka ukuthi zihlangane njengoba kungenzeka amasheya ngamanye. Inzuzo yamasheya ngamanye ukuthi ukukhetha okuhle kungakhokha, kepha amathuba okuthi noma yisiphi isitoko esisodwa esizokwenza ucebe sincane kakhulu.
4. Sungula isabelomali sokutshala kwakho imali esitokisini
Abatshalizimali abasha bavame ukuba nemibuzo emibili kulesi sinyathelo senqubo:
Ngidinga malini ukuqala ukutshala imali kumasheya? Inani lemali olidingayo ukuthenga isabelo ngasinye sincike ekutheni amasheya abiza kangakanani. (Amanani entengo yesitoko angahluka kusuka kumadola ambalwa kuya kokumbalwa izinkulungwane AmaDola). Uma ufuna izimali ezihlanganyelwe futhi usesabelomali esincane, isikhwama sokuhweba esishintshaniswa (i-ETF) kungaba yindlela yakho engcono kakhulu. Izimali ezihlanganyelanayo zivame ukuba ne- $ 1,000 noma ngaphezulu, kepha ama-ETF ahwebelana njengesabelo, okusho ukuthi uwathenga ngentengo yesabelo esisodwa (kwezinye izimo, ngaphansi kuka- $ 100).
Ngabe kufanele ngitshale malini kumasheya? Uma utshala imali ngezimali, ngabe sishilo ukuthi lokhu kuyintandokazi yabeluleki abaningi bezezimali? - ungabeka ingxenye enkulu kakhulu yephothifoliyo yakho kwizimali zezimali, ikakhulukazi uma unesikhathi eside. Umuntu oneminyaka engama-30 ofaka imali yokuthatha umhlalaphansi angaba ne-80% yephothifoliyo yakhe kwizikhwama zesitoko; okusele kuzoba kwizimali zesibopho. Izenzo zomuntu ngamunye kungenye indaba. Umthetho ojwayelekile wesithupha ukuwagcina engxenyeni encane yephothifoliyo yakho yokutshala imali.
5. Gxila esikhathini eside
Ukutshala imali kumasheya kugcwele amasu nezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi, kepha abanye babatshali zimali abaphumelele kakhulu benze okuthe xaxa kunamathela ezisekelweni. Lokho ngokuvamile kusho ukusebenzisa izimali kuningi lephothifoliyo yakho: UWarren Buffett uthe isikhwama esinezindleko eziphansi se-S & P 500 ngukutshalwa kwezimali okungcono kakhulu okungenziwa iningi labantu baseMelika, sikhetha amasheya ngamanye kuphela uma ukholelwa enkampanini yenkampani yesikhathi eside. ukwanda.
Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ngemuva kokuqala ukutshala imali kumasheya noma kwizikhwama ezihlangene kungaba nzima kakhulu - ungazibheki. Ngaphandle kokuthi uzama ukushaya izingqinamba futhi uphumelele ekuhwebeni kosuku, kuhle ukugwema umkhuba wokuhlola ngenkani amasheya akho kaningi ngosuku, nsuku zonke.
6. Phatha iphothifoliyo yakho yamasheya
Ngenkathi ukukhathazeka ngokushintshashintsha kwansuku zonke kungeke kwenze lukhulu empilweni yephothifoliyo yakho, noma eyakho, impela kuzoba nezikhathi lapho kuyodingeka uhlole amasheya akho noma olunye utshalomali.
Uma ulandela lezi zinyathelo ezingenhla ukuthenga izimali ezihlangene kanye namasheya ngamanye ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uzofuna ukuphinda uvakashele iphothifoliyo yakho kaningana ngonyaka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isahambisana nezinhloso zakho zokutshala imali.
Ezinye izinto okufanele uzicabangele: Uma ususondele ekuthatheni umhlalaphansi, ungahle uthande ukuhambisa ezinye zezimali zakho zokutshala imali ekutshalweni kwemali engenayo engaguquguquki. Uma ngabe iphothifoliyo yakho inesisindo kakhulu emkhakheni owodwa noma embonini, cabanga ukuthenga amasheya noma izimali emkhakheni ohlukile ukuze uthole okunye ukwehluka. Ekugcineni, naka ukwahlukahlukana kwendawo. UVanguard uncoma ukuthi amasheya aphesheya amele amasheya afika kuma-40% kwiphothifoliyo yakho. Ungathenga izimali zamazwe omhlaba ezihlangene ukuze uthole lokhu kuvezwa.
Ithiphu: Uma ulingeka ukuvula i-akhawunti yokuhweba kodwa udinga izeluleko ezithe xaxa ekukhetheni okuyiyona, hlola ukuqoqwa kwethu kwakamuva kwabathengisi abahamba phambili kubatshalizimali besitoko. Qhathanisa ama-brokerage aphezulu anamuhla aku-inthanethi kuwo wonke amamethrikhi abaluleke kakhulu kubatshalizimali: amakhomishini, ukukhetha ukutshalwa kwezimali, amabhalansi amancane okufanele avulwe, namathuluzi wabasomali nezinsizakusebenza.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokutshala imali kumasheya
Ngabe unazo izeluleko ngokutshala imali kwabaqalayo?
Zonke iziqondiso ezingenhla zokutshala imali kumasheya zihloselwe abatshalizimali abasha. Kepha uma bekufanele sikhethe into eyodwa esizoyisho kubo bonke abatshalizimali bokuqala, kungaba yilokhu: Ukutshala imali akunzima kangako, futhi akunzima, njengoba kuzwakala.
Lokho kungenxa yokuthi kunamathuluzi amaningi wokukusiza. Enye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu izikhwama zokubambisana zesitoko, okuyindlela elula futhi engabizi yabaqalayo yokutshala imali emakethe yamasheya. Lezi zimali zitholakala ngaphakathi kwe-401 (k) yakho, i-IRA, noma noma iyiphi i-akhawunti yomthengisi engakhokhiswa. Isikhwama se-S & P 500, esikuthengela ngempumelelo ubunikazi obuncane ezinkampanini ezingama-500 ezinkulu zaseMelika, yindawo enhle yokuqala.
Enye indlela, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngumeluleki we-robo, okuzokwenzela futhi akuphathe iphothifoliyo ngemali encane.
Kafushane nje: Kunezindlela eziningi zokutshala imali Wabasaqalayo, ngaphandle kwesidingo solwazi oluthuthukile.
Ngingakwazi ukutshala imali uma ngingenayo imali eningi?
Kunezinselelo ezimbili zokutshala imali encane. Izindaba ezimnandi? Zombili zinqotshwa kalula.
Inselelo yokuqala ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali okuningi kudinga ubuncane. Okwesibili ukuthi kunzima ukwehlukanisa imali encane. Ukwehlukaniswa, ngokwemvelo, kubandakanya ukufaka imali yakho. Imali encane onayo, kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukuyaba.
Isixazululo sakho kokubili ukutshala izimali zezinkomba zokulingana nama-ETF. Ngenkathi izimali ezihlanganyelweyo zingadinga ubuncane bama- $ 1,000 noma ngaphezulu, ubuncane besikhwama sezinkomba buvame ukuba phansi (futhi ama-ETF athengwa ngentengo yokwabelana engaba ngaphansi nangaphansi). Abashintshi ababili, uFidelity noCharles Schwab, banikela ngemali yenkomba ngaphandle kokuncipha. Izimali ze-Index nazo zixazulula inkinga yokuhlukahluka ngoba zinamasheya amaningi ahlukene ngaphakathi kwesikhwama esisodwa.
Into yokugcina esizoyisho ngalokhu: Ukutshala imali ngumdlalo wesikhathi eside, ngakho-ke akufanele utshale imali ongayidinga esikhathini esifushane. Lokho kufaka phakathi isiguqo semali yezimo eziphuthumayo.
Ingabe amasheya angutshalomali oluhle lwabaqalayo?
Yebo, inqobo nje uma ukhululekile ukushiya imali yakho etshalwe okungenani iminyaka emihlanu. Kungani iminyaka emihlanu? Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi imakethe yamasheya ithole ukwehla kwamandla emali okuhlala isikhathi eside kunalokho.
Kepha esikhundleni sokuhweba ngamasheya ngamanye, gxila kuzikhwama zokubambisana zesitoko. Ngezimali ezihlanganyelweyo, ungathenga ukukhethwa okukhulu kwamasheya ngaphakathi kwesikhwama.
Kungenzeka yini ukwakha iphothifoliyo ehlukahlukene kusuka esitokisini ngasinye? Kunjalo. Kodwa ukwenza lokho kungathatha isikhathi eside - kuthatha ucwaningo oluningi nolwazi ukuphatha iphothifoliyo. Izimali zokubambisana zamasheya, kufaka phakathi imali yenkomba kanye ne-ETFs, ikwenzela lowo msebenzi.
Yiziphi izimali ezinhle kakhulu emakethe yamasheya?
Ngokombono wethu, izimali ezinhle kakhulu ezimakethe zamasheya zivame ukuba yimali ekhokhelwa izindleko eziphansi, njengezimali zenkomba kanye nama-ETFs. Ngokuthenga lokhu esikhundleni samasheya ngamanye, ungathenga isigaxa esikhulu semakethe yamasheya kokuthengiselana okukodwa.
Izimali ze-Index kanye nama-ETF alandela inkomba yokulinganisa, isibonelo i-S & P 500 noma i-Dow Jones Industrial Average, okusho ukuthi ukusebenza kwesikhwama sakho kuzobonisa ukusebenza kwaleyo nkomba yokulinganisa. Uma utshale imali esikhwameni sezinkomba se-S & P 500 futhi i-S & P 500 ikhuphukile, notshalo-mali lwakho luzoba njalo.
Lokho kusho ukuthi ngeke iyishaye imakethe, kodwa futhi kusho ukuthi imakethe ngeke iyishaye. Abatshalizimali abathengisa amasheya ngamanye kunezimali bavame ukusebenza kabi emakethe esikhathini eside.
Kufanele nginqume kanjani ukuthi ngizoyitshala kuphi imali?
Impendulo yokuthi uzotshala kuphi empeleni yehlela ezintweni ezimbili: ubude besikhathi bezinhloso zakho nokuthi uzimisele ukuthatha ingozi engakanani.
Ake sibhekane nesikhathi ekugcineni: Uma utshala imali ngenhloso ekude, njengokuthatha umhlalaphansi, kufanele utshale imali ngokuyinhloko ezitokisini (futhi, sincoma ukwenza lokhu ngezimali ezihlangene).
Ukutshala imali kumasheya kuzovumela imali yakho ukuthi ikhule futhi ishaye ukwehla kwamandla emali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Njengoba inhloso yakho isondela, ungaqala kancane ukunciphisa isabelo sakho samasheya bese ungeza amanye amabhondi, okuvame ukuthi kube yimali ephephile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma utshala imali ngenhloso yesikhathi esifushane, engaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu, mhlawumbe awufuni ukutshala imali kumasheya nhlobo. Esikhundleni salokho, cabanga ngalezi zimali zesikhashana.
Ekugcineni, esinye isici: ukubekezelela ubungozi. Imakethe yamasheya yehla yenyuka, futhi uma ujwayele ukwethuka uma kwenzeka lokhu kwamuva, kungcono ukuthi utshale imali ethe xaxa, ngokunikezwa okulula kwamasheya.
Iziphi izitoko okufanele ngitshale kuzo?
Khombisa irekhodi eliphukile: Isincomo sethu ukuthi sitshale amasheya amaningi ngesikhwama semali esisebenzisana ndawonye, isikhwama sezinkomba, noma i-ETF - ngokwesibonelo, isikhwama senkomba se-S & P 500 esiphethe wonke amasheya e-S & P 500.
Kodwa-ke, uma kungukuthakazelisa kokukhethwa kwesitoko okulandelayo, lokho cishe ngeke kusebenze. Ungaklwebha lokho kuluma bese ugcina ihembe lakho ngokunikela nge-10% noma ngaphansi kwephothifoliyo yakho kumasheya ngamanye. Yikuphi? Uhlu lwethu oluphelele lwezitoko ezihamba phambili, ngokususelwa ekusebenzeni kwamanje, lunemibono ethile.
Ingabe Ukuhweba Kwamasheya Kwabaqalayo?
Ngenkathi amasheya enhle kubatshalizimali abaningi abaqala, ingxenye yokuhweba yalesi siphakamiso mhlawumbe ayisiyo. Mhlawumbe sesivele siliqondile leli phuzu, kepha ukuphinda sithi: sincoma kakhulu isu lokuthenga nokubamba sisebenzisa izimali ezihlanganyelweyo zesitoko.
Lokho kuphambene ngqo nokuhweba ngamasheya, okudinga ukuzinikezela nocwaningo oluningi. Abathengisi bamasheya bazama ukubeka isikhathi emakethe ngamathuba okuthenga okuphansi futhi bathengise okuphezulu.
Ukucaca: inhloso yanoma yimuphi umtshalizimali ukuthenga okuphansi futhi athengise okuphezulu. Kepha umlando usitshela ukuthi kungenzeka wenze njalo uma ugcina utshalomali oluhlukahlukene, njengesikhwama esihlanganyelwe, isikhathi eside. Ukuhweba okusebenzayo akudingeki.
Okuqukethwe
- Ungatshala kanjani imali ezimakethe zamasheya zase-US
- 1. Nquma ukuthi ufuna ukutshala kanjani esitokisini
- 2. Khetha i-akhawunti yokutshala imali
- Inketho ye-DIY: VULA i-akhawunti yamabhuleki
- UKUKHETHA OKUDLULA: VULA I-AKHAWUNTI YOMELULEKI WABASEBENZI
- 3. Yazi umehluko phakathi kwamasheya nezimali ezihlanganyelwayo zesitoko.
- 4. Sungula isabelomali sokutshala kwakho imali esitokisini
- 5. Gxila esikhathini eside
- 6. Phatha iphothifoliyo yakho yamasheya
- Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokutshala imali kumasheya
- Ngabe unazo izeluleko ngokutshala imali kwabaqalayo?
- Ngingakwazi ukutshala imali uma ngingenayo imali eningi?
- Ingabe amasheya angutshalomali oluhle lwabaqalayo?
- Yiziphi izimali ezinhle kakhulu emakethe yamasheya?
- Kufanele nginqume kanjani ukuthi ngizoyitshala kuphi imali?
- Iziphi izitoko okufanele ngitshale kuzo?
- Ingabe Ukuhweba Kwamasheya Kwabaqalayo?