Umsizi wamazinyo uthatha ama-x ray ngenkathi ekhulelwe? .
Lokhu kungenye ye- ukungaqiniseki okukhulu ye abesifazane ochwepheshe ku- I-Radiology : Yini i- izingozi yengane ngesikhathi sami se ukukhulelwa ?
Ngokusho kwe- Ikhomishini Elawula Ukulawulwa Kwenuzi yaseU.S , abasebenzi abakhulelwe akufanele kuvezwe obala ngaphezulu kwe - 500 mrem - ngesikhathi sakhe ukukhulelwa konke . Okwakho ingane iphephile uma usebenzisa okokuvikela bese uhlala 6 ′ kude . Kufanele ube ne- umbungu wokuqapha umbungu , futhi.
Umsizi wamazinyo ukuvezwa okuphansi kangako, ingane yakho nakanjani izolunga uma uqaphela.
Kulokhu kuhlaziywa, sizogxila emiqondweni emibili: Ionizing Imisebe futhi Ukwenza imisebenzi ngemithwalo noma ukunyakaza kwesisindo. Kepha okokuqala ake sibeke uchwepheshe endaweni yakhe yokusebenza:
Indawo e-Radiodiagnostic Service noma kuNuclear Medicine
Uchwepheshe angaba nezindawo eziningana ku-Service: Ku-Radiology ejwayelekile (zombili e-Hospital Care and Primary Care noma e-Health Centers), Mammography, igumbi le-CT, i-MRI, i-Ultrasound, i-X-ray ephathekayo, i-Interventional Radiology, Igumbi Lokusebenza, iDensitometry, noma i-PET kanye neSpetc.
Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi, ngaphambi kwe- Ukuxhumana Okuphoqelekile wesimo se Ukukhulelwa , i-Professional ingatholakala endaweni yokulaliswa esibhedlela ngemishini ephathekayo, noma ku-Block Block esebenza nama-Arcs wokuhlinzwa noma ama-Angiographs.
Lokhu kubalulekile: Indawo Yomsebenzi. Uma usebenza eZone A (Ukungenelela), lapho ukuvikela kusebenza khona futhi kuseduze nemishini, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukuthi ushintshe iziteshi zomsebenzi. Kuyafana naseNyukliya Medicine ekamelweni lokuphatha i-Radioisotope.
Uma endaweni engu-B (kwezinye izindawo), abukho ubufakazi bengozi embungwini (kusukela ngesonto lesishiyagalombili kuya phambili, umbungu ubizwa ngokuthi umbungu)
Imisebenzi yasekhaya
Kuzo zonke lezi zindawo ezibalulwe, sinezinkinga ezimbili eziphawulekayo ezingeni lezeMpilo Emsebenzini ezingathinta uchwepheshe okhulelwe:
- Imithwalo noma Imizamo Yomzimba
- Imiphumela ye-Ionizing Radiations
Imithwalo yomzimba noma imizamo
Endaweni yezokwelapha kuvame ukuba nezidingo zokuphakamisa iziguli nokuma noma ukugoba ngaphansi kwezinga lamadolo.
Lesi yisakhiwo sokuqala okufanele usigweme kunoma yikuphi ukukhulelwa: imizamo yomzimba. Kodwa-ke ngihlangane nozakwethu abakhulelwe, nabanye abeluleke ukuthi, bagqoke iphinifa eliholayo… Leli iphutha: Iphinifa eliholayo likhuluphele ngokweqile.
Imiphumela Yemisebe Ionizing
imisebe ingaveza imiphumela yebhayoloji ehlukaniswa njenge-deterministic ne-stochastic. Kunemiphumela edinga isilinganiso somkhawulo ekubukekeni kwayo; okungukuthi, zenzeka kuphela lapho umthamo wemisebe udlula inani elithile futhi, kusukela kuleli nani, ubukhulu bomphumela buzokhula ngomthamo owutholile.
Le miphumela ibizwa ngokuthi i-deterministic . Izibonelo zemiphumela yokunquma engabonakala embungwini wombungu yilena: ukukhipha isisu, ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa kanye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunemiphumela engadingi isilinganiso somkhawulo ekubukekeni kwabo, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, amathuba okubukeka kwabo azokwanda ngomthamo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi uma umthamo wemisebe uphindwe kabili, amathuba omphumela ovelayo azophindwa kabili.
Le miphumela ibizwa ngokuthi i-stochastics, futhi uma ivela, ayihlukile kuleyo ebangelwa izimbangela zemvelo noma ezinye izinto. Umdlavuza uyisibonelo somphumela we-stochastic.
Ngokudinga isilinganiso somkhawulo, ukuvinjelwa kwemiphumela yokunquma kuqinisekisiwe ngokusungula imikhawulo yedosi engezansi komthamo obekiwe. Endabeni yemiphumela ye-stochastic - ngokungabikho komthamo owaziwayo ukunciphisa amathuba wokungeniswa kwayo - siphoqelekile ukugcina amazinga wamanani atholakalayo ephansi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Umthamo
Emazweni e-European Union, kuyamukelwa ukuthi umthamo ongatholwa yimbungu njengomphumela womsebenzi womama kusukela lapho ukukhulelwa kutholakala kuze kube sekupheleni kokukhulelwa kungu-1mSv. Lona ngumkhawulo wedosi umphakathi ongawuthola ngakho-ke usungulelwe umbungu ngokususelwa kuzindinganiso zokuziphatha kwazise umbungu awuhlanganyeli esinqumweni futhi awutholi nzuzo kuwo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwalo mkhawulo ekusebenzeni kungahambisana nomthamo we-2mSv otholwe ebusweni besisu (isiqu esiphansi) sowesifazane kuze kuphele isikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Kepha, qaphela: nansi ukhiye: 'Radiophobia'. Ngoba lo mkhawulo wedosi uphansi kakhulu kunemithamo edingekayo ekubonakaleni kwemiphumela ye-fetus, ngoba ukukhipha isisu, ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, ukwehla kwe-IQ noma ukubambezeleka okunzima kwengqondo kudinga imithamo phakathi kuka-100 no-200 mSv: ama-50 noma ama-100 izikhathi ezilinganiselwe.
Izinyathelo ngemuva kokubika ukukhulelwa
Ukuze kuvikelwe umbungu ngokwanele, kubalulekile ukuthi umsebenzi okhulelwe oveziwe, ngokushesha nje lapho ezwa ukuthi ukhulelwe, akutshele lowo muntu ophethe ukuvikelwa kwemisebe yesikhungo asebenza kuso nakumuntu ukukhokhiswa kokufakwa kwemisebe, ezosungula izindlela ezifanele zokuvikela ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nemithetho yamanje nokuqinisekisa ukwenziwa komsebenzi wabo ukuze kungabi nengozi eyengeziwe enganeni.
Ukuze ukwazi ukwenza zonke lezi zilinganiso, kuyadingeka ukuthi unikeze i-dosimeter ekhethekile ukunquma imithamo esiswini nokuhlolwa ngokucophelela kwendawo yakho yokusebenza, ukuze amathuba ezehlakalo ezinamanani aphezulu noma okufakiwe anganakwa.
Noma yimuphi umuntu wesifazane okhulelwe osebenza endaweni lapho imithamo ngenxa yemisebe ye-ionizing iqinisekisa ukuthi umthamo ungagcinwa ngaphansi kwe-1mSv, angazizwa ephephe kakhulu emsebenzini wakhe phakathi nesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Umsebenzi okhulelwe angaqhubeka nokusebenza emnyangweni we-X-ray, inqobo nje uma kunesiqiniseko esizwakalayo sokuthi umthamo we-fetus ungagcinwa ngaphansi kwe-1 mGy (1 msv) ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Ekuhumusheni lesi sincomo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe ababandlululwa ngokungadingekile. Kunemithwalo yemfanelo yesisebenzi nomqashi. Umsebenzi wokuqala wokuvikela umbungu uhambelana nowesifazane uqobo, okufanele amemezele ukuthi ukhulelwe kubaphathi ngokushesha lapho isimo sesiqinisekisiwe.
Izincomo ezilandelayo zithathwe ku-ICRP 84:
- Ukuvinjelwa kwedosi akusho ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe bagweme ukusebenza ngemisebe noma izinto ezinemisebe ngokuphelele, noma ukuthi bavinjelwe ukungena noma ukusebenza ezindaweni zemisebe ezibekiwe. Kusho ukuthi umqashi kufanele abukeze ngokucophelela izimo zokuchayeka kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Ngokuyinhloko, izimo zabo zokusebenza kufanele zibe ukuthi amathuba okuba ngengozi ephezulu yokutholwa kanye nokutholwa kwe-radionuclide kuncane.
- Lapho isisebenzi semisebe yezokwelapha sazi ukuthi ikhulelwe, kunezinketho ezintathu ezivame ukucatshangelwa ezikhungweni zemisebe yezokwelapha: 1) akukho shintsho emisebenzini yomsebenzi eyabelwe, 2) shintshela kwenye indawo lapho ukuvezwa yimisebe kungaba kuncane, noma 3) shintshela emsebenzini ongenakho ukuvezwa ngemisebe. Ayikho impendulo eyodwa efanele kuzo zonke izimo, futhi kwamanye amazwe kungahle kube nemithethonqubo ethile. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuba nengxoxo nesisebenzi. Umsebenzi kufanele aziswe ngobungozi obungaba khona, kanye nemikhawulo yemithamo enconyiwe.
- Ukushintshela emsebenzini lapho kungekho khona ukuvezwa yimisebe kwesinye isikhathi kuyabuzwa kubasebenzi abakhulelwe ababona ukuthi izingozi zingase zibe ncane, kepha abafuni ukwamukela noma iyiphi ingozi enyukayo. Umqashi angabuye agweme ubunzima ngokuzayo uma kwenzeka ukuthi umsebenzi wengane enokukhubazeka okuzenzakalelayo okuzenzakalelayo (okwenzeka ngesilinganiso sokuzalwa oku-3 kokungu-100). Le ndlela ayidingeki esinqumweni sokuvikela imisebe, futhi kusobala ukuthi kuncike ekutheni isikhungo sikhulu ngokwanele nokuthi sikwazi ukugcwalisa kalula isikhundla esingenamuntu.
- Ukushintshela Esikhundleni esinokuchayeka okuncane kwezemvelo nakho kungenzeka. Kwi-radiodiagnosis, lokhu kungabandakanya ukudlulisa uchwepheshe we-fluoroscopy aye e-CT Room noma kwenye indawo lapho kunemisebe esakazeke kancane kubasebenzi. Eminyangweni yemithi yenuzi, uchwepheshe okhulelwe angavinjelwa ekusebenziseni isikhathi esiningi kwi-radiopharmacy noma ekusebenzeni nezixazululo ze-iodine enemisebe. Ekwelashweni ngemisebe ngemithombo evaliwe, abahlengikazi abakhulelwe noma ochwepheshe abakwazi ukubamba iqhaza kwincwajana ye-brachytherapy.
- Ukucatshangelwa kokuziphatha kubandakanya ezinye izindlela okuzodingeka ukuthi esinye isisebenzi sizithole sichayeka emisebeni eyengeziwe lapho osebenza naye ekhulelwe futhi ingekho enye indlela.
- Kunezimo eziningi lapho isisebenzi sifuna ukuqhubeka nokwenza umsebenzi ofanayo, noma umqashi angancika kuso ukuze aqhubeke nomsebenzi ofanayo ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokunakekelwa kweziguli ngokuvamile elikwaziyo ukunikela emsebenzini. iyunithi yomsebenzi Ngokombono wokuvikelwa kwemisebe, lokhu kwamukeleka ngokuphelele uma nje umthamo wesisu ungalinganiselwa ngobunono obufanele futhi ungaphakathi komkhawulo onconyiwe womthamo wombungu we-mGy ngemuva kokukhulelwa. Kungaba nengqondo ukuhlola indawo yokusebenza ukuze kunikezwe isiqiniseko sokuthi amanani aphezulu engozi mancane amathuba okuthi kwenzeke.
- Umkhawulo womthamo onconyiwe usebenza kumthamo wombungu futhi awuqhathaniseki ngqo nomthamo olinganiswa nge-dosimeter yomuntu siqu. I-dosimeter yomuntu siqu esetshenziswa ngabasebenzi be-radiology yokuxilonga ingadlulisa umthamo wesisu ngesilinganiso esingu-10 noma ngaphezulu. Uma i-dosimeter isetshenziswe ngaphandle kwe-apron ehamba phambili, umthamo olinganisiwe kungenzeka ucishe ube cishe izikhathi eziyi-100 kunomthamo wombungu. Abasebenzi bezokwelapha zenuzi kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe ngokuvamile abagqoki ama-aprons okuhola futhi bathola amandla aphezulu we-photon. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, imithamo ye-fetus ayinakwenzeka ukuthi yeqe amaphesenti angama-25 esilinganiso somuntu uqobo.
Izinkomba:
- Abasebenzi baseMayo Clinic. (2018). Ukuhlolwa kwamazinyo.
mayoclinic.com/health/dental-exam/MY01097 - Izinhlobo zama-x-ray wamazinyo. (2015).
my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments_and_procedures/hic_Dental_Check-up/hic_Types_of_Dental_X-rays - Ukukhulelwa nokuzalwa: Ama-Epidurals kanye namaphilisi ezinhlungu okuqeda ubuhlungu bezabasebenzi. (2018).
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279567/ - Abahambi abakhulelwe. (2017).
wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/pregnant-travelers
Okuqukethwe
- Imisebenzi yasekhaya
- Imithwalo yomzimba noma imizamo
- Imiphumela Yemisebe Ionizing
- Umthamo
- Izinyathelo ngemuva kokubika ukukhulelwa
- Izixazululo Zasekhaya Zokukhulelwa Ngamashubhu Aboshiwe
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