KwiTestamente Elisha leBhayibheli, kukhulunywa njalo ngamaSamariya. Isibonelo, umfanekiso womSamariya Omuhle ovela kuLuka. Indaba kaJesu nowesifazane waseSamariya emthonjeni wamanzi evela kuJohane yaziwa kahle.
AmaSamariya namaJuda kusukela ngesikhathi sikaJesu babengazwani kahle. Umlando wamaSamariya ubuyela emuva ekwakhiweni kabusha koMbuso WaseNyakatho wakwa-Israyeli, ngemuva kokudingiswa.
Umvangeli, uLuka, ukhuluma kaningi ngamaSamariya, kuvangeli lakhe nakuZenzo. UJesu ukhuluma kahle ngamaSamariya.
AmaSamariya
EBhayibhelini futhi ikakhulukazi kwiTestamente Elisha, amaqembu ahlukene abantu ahlangana, ngokwesibonelo, abaFarisi nabaSadusi, kepha namaSamariya. Angobani lawo maSamariya? Izimpendulo ezahlukahlukene zingenzeka kulo mbuzo. Okuthathu okuvame kakhulu kubo; amaSamariya njengezakhamizi zendawo ethile, njengesizwe esithile, nanjengeqembu lenkolo (Meier, 2000).
AmaSamariya njengezakhamizi zendawo ethile
Umuntu angachaza amaSamariya ngokwendawo. AmaSamariya ngaleso sikhathi ngabantu abahlala endaweni ethile, okuyiSamariya. Ngesikhathi sikaJesu, leyo kwakuyindawo esenyakatho neJudiya kanye naseningizimu yeGalile. Yayitholakala ngasentshonalanga yoMfula iJordani.
Inhloko-dolobha yaleyo ndawo ngaphambili yayibizwa ngokuthi iSamariya. INkosi uHerode Omkhulu wawakha kabusha lo muzi ngekhulu lokuqala BC. Ngo-30 AD, idolobha lanikezwa igama elithi ‘Sebaste’ ngenhloso yokuhlonipha umbusi waseRoma u-Augustus. Leli gama ngezinye izilimi, ukupeliswa kwesipelingi nokubiza amagama, amagama ahlukile wesifazane nabesilisa Sebaste.
AmaSamariya njengesizwe
Umuntu angabona futhi amaSamariya njengeqembu labantu. AmaSamariya abe esehla ezakhamuzini zombuso wakwa-Israyeli osenyakatho. Ngonyaka ka-722 BC, ingxenye yabantu bakuleyo ndawo yadingiswa abase-Asiriya Ekudingisweni. Abanye abahlali bathunyelwa endaweni ezungeze iSamariya ngabase-Asiriya. Ama-Israyeli asele enyakatho yakwa-Israyeli ahlangana nalaba abafikayo. AmaSamariya abe esevela kulokhu.
Ngesikhathi sikaJesu, indawo ezungeze iSamariya ihlala izinhlanga ezahlukahlukene. AmaJuda, inzalo yabase-Asiriya, abaseBabiloni, kanye nenzalo yabanqobi bamaGrikhi kusukela ngesikhathi sika-Alexander the Great (356 - 323 BC) nabo bahlala kuleyo ndawo.
AmaSamariya njengeqembu lenkolo
AmaSamariya nawo angachazwa ngokwenkolo. AmaSamariya ngaleso sikhathi ngabantu abakhonza uNkulunkulu, uYahweh (YHWH). AmaSamariya enkolweni yawo ahlukile kumaJuda akhonza noJehova. KumaSamariya, iNtaba iGerizim yindawo yokuhlonipha nokunikela ngoNkulunkulu. KumaJuda, leyo intaba yethempeli eJerusalema, iNtaba iZiyoni.
AmaSamariya acabanga ukuthi alandela uhlu lweqiniso lobupristi bamaLevi. KumaSamariya nakumaJuda, izincwadi zokuqala ezinhlanu zeBhayibheli ezaqanjwa nguMose zinegunya. AmaJuda nawo amukela abaprofethi nemibhalo njengegunya. Lezi ezimbili zokugcina zenqatshwa amaSamariya. KwiTestamente Elisha, umbhali uvame ukubhekisa kumaSamariya njengeqembu lezenkolo.
AmaSamariya eBhayibhelini
Idolobha laseSamariya litholakala eTestamenteni eliDala neLisha. KwiTestamente Elisha, amaSamariya kukhulunywa ngawo ngomqondo wobunye benkolo. KwiTestamente Elidala, kunezinkomba ezimbalwa kuphela zemvelaphi yamaSamariya.
AmaSamariya eTestamenteni Elidala
Ngokwemfundiso yenkolo yendabuko yamaSamariya, ukwahlukana phakathi kwenkolo yamaSamariya neyamaJuda kwenzeka ngesikhathi u-Eli, umpristi ehambisa indawo engcwele ayonikela ngayo esuka eNtabeni iGerizim ayisa ngaseShekemi, eSilo. U-Eli wayengumpristi omkhulu ngezikhathi zabaHluleli (1 Samuweli 1: 9-4: 18).
AmaSamariya athi u-Eli wabe esemisa indawo yokukhonzela neyobupristi okwakungafunwa uNkulunkulu. AmaSamariya acabanga ukuthi akhonza uNkulunkulu endaweni eyiqiniso, okuyiNtaba iGerizim, futhi aphethe ubupristi beqiniso (Meier, 2000).
Ku-2 AmaKhosi 14, kuchazwa kusuka evesini 24 ukuthi iSamariya liphinde lagcwala abantu abangebona abamaJuda ekuqaleni. Lokhu kumayelana nabantu abavela eBabel, Kuta, Awwa, Hamat naseSepharvaim. Ngemuva kokuthi abantu behlaselwe ukuhlaselwa ngamabhubesi asendle, uhulumeni wase-Asiriya wathumela umpristi wakwa-Israyeli eSamariya ukuyobuyisela ukukhulekelwa kukaNkulunkulu.
Kodwa-ke, lowo mpristi oyedwa ubuyisele ukukhulekelwa eSamariya kuthathwa njengokungenakwenzeka nguDroeve (1973). Izidingo zamasiko nobumsulwa benkolo yamaJuda empeleni zenza kube nzima ukuthi umuntu oyedwa akwenze kahle.
Inkosi yase-Asiriya yathumela abantu bevela eBabiloni, eKuta, e-Awwa, eHamat naseSefarvaim emadolobheni aseSamariya, lapho wabanika khona indawo yokuhlala esikhundleni sama-Israyeli. Laba bantu badla iSamariya futhi bahlala khona. Isikhathi sokuqala lapho bahlala khona, babengamkhonzi uJehova. Ngalokho INKOSI yakhulula amabhubesi phezu kwabo, awadwengula amanye awo.
Kwathiwa enkosini yase-Asiriya: Izizwe ozilethele eSamariya ukuba zihlale emadolobheni aziyazi imithetho ebekwe nguNkulunkulu walelo zwe. Manje usezidedelile izingonyama ngoba abantu abayazi imithetho kaNkulunkulu walelo zwe, futhi sebebabulele abanye babo.
Inkosi yase-Asiriya yayala yathi: “Buyelani emuva omunye wabapristi abakusa kini ezweni lapho evela khona. Kumele ahambe ayohlala lapho afundise abantu imithetho kaNkulunkulu walelo zwe. Ngakho omunye wabapristi owayedingisiwe wabuyela eSamariya wakha eBethel, lapho afundisa khona abantu ukukhonza uJehova.
Yize kunjalo zonke lezo zizwe zaqhubeka nokuzenzela ezazo izithombe zonkulunkulu, ababeka ekhaya labo elisha emathempelini amaSamariya ayewakhile ezindaweni eziphakeme zomhlatshelo. (2 AmaKhosi 14: 24-29)
AmaSamariya eTestamenteni Elisha
Kwabavangeli abane, uMarcus akabhali nakancane ngamaSamariya. EVangelini likaMathewu, amaSamariya kukhulunywa ngawo kanye ekusakazweni kwabafundi abayishumi nambili.
Laba abayishumi nambili bathumela uJesu, wabanikeza le miyalo elandelayo: Ningathathi indlela eya kwabeZizwe futhi ningavakasheli idolobha laseSamariya. Kunalokho funa izimvu ezilahlekile zabantu bakwa-Israyeli. (Mathewu 10: 5-6)
Lesi sitatimende sikaJesu sihambisana nesithombe uMathewu asinikeza ngoJesu. Ngokuvuka nokukhazinyuliswa kwakhe, uJesu ugxila kuphela kubantu abangamaJuda. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho kungena ezinye izizwe, njenge-oda lokuthunywa elivela kuMathewu 26:19.
Evangelini likaJohane, uJesu ukhuluma nowesifazane waseSamariya emthonjeni (Johane 4: 4-42). Kule ngxoxo, kugqanyiswa isizinda senkolo yalo wesifazane waseSamariya. Uveza kuJesu ukuthi amaSamariya akhonza uNkulunkulu eNtabeni iGerizim. UJesu uziveza obala kuye njengoMesiya. Umphumela walokhu kuhlangana ukuthi lona wesifazane kanye nezakhamizi eziningi zedolobha lakhe bayakholelwa kuJesu.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamaSamariya namaJuda babungebuhle. AmaJuda awahlangani namaSamariya (Johane 4: 9). AmaSamariya ayebhekwa njengabangcolile. Ngisho namathe omSamariya angcolile ngokusho kwamaJuda okuphathelene neMishnah: UmSamariya ufana nendoda elala nowesifazane osesikhathini (qhathanisa noLevitikusi 20:18) (Bouwman, 1985).
AmaSamariya ngevangeli likaLuka nakuZenzo
Emibhalweni kaLuka, ivangeli kanye neZenzo, amaSamariya ajwayelekile kakhulu. Isibonelo, indaba yomSamariya Omuhle (Luka 10: 25-37) neyabanochoko abayishumi, okungumSamariya kuphela obuyela ngokubonga kuJesu (Luka 17: 11-19). Emfanekisweni weumSamariya Omuhle,uchungechunge olwehlayo ekuqaleni lwaluzoba ngumfundisi ovamile ongumLevi.
Iqiniso lokuthi kuleli vangeli uJesu ukhuluma ngompristi-umLevi-umSamariya nokuthi yilo kanye umSamariya owenza okuhle, kumncengela futhi ngenxa yalokho nabantu baseSamariya.
KuZenzo 8: 1-25, uLuka uchaza ukuthunywa phakathi kwamaSamariya. UFiliphu ngumpostoli oletha izindaba ezinhle zevangeli likaJesu kumaSamariya. Kamuva uPetru noJohane nabo baya eSamariya. Bathandazela amaKristu amaSamariya, base bethola noMoya oNgcwele.
Ngokusho kwezazi zeBhayibheli (uBouwman, Meier), amaSamariya achazwe ngokuqinisekile evangelini likaLuka nakuZenzo, ngoba kwakukhona ukungqubuzana ebandleni lobuKristu lokuqala uLuka alibhalela. Ngenxa yamazwi amahle kaJesu ngamaSamariya, uLuka wayezozama ukukhuthaza ukwamukelana phakathi kwamaKristu angamaJuda namaSamariya.
Ukuthi uJesu ukhuluma kahle ngamaSamariya kubonakala ezinsolweni azithola kumaJuda. Babecabanga ukuthi uJesu uqobo wayezoba ngumSamariya. Bakhala kuJesu, Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi sisho ngokungafanele ukuthi ungumSamariya nokuthi unamadimoni? Anginankinga, kusho uJesu. Akathuli ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi abe ngumSamariya. (Johane 8: 48-49).
Imithombo nezethenjwa
- I-Doeve, JW (1973). UbuJuda basePalestine phakathi kuka-500 BC no-70 AD. Ukusuka ekudingisweni kuya ku-Agripa. Utrecht.
- UMeier, JP (2000). UJesu ongumlando kanye namaSamariya angokomlando: Yini engashiwo? IBiblica 81, 202-232.
- UBouwman, G. (1985). Indlela yezwi. Izwi lomgwaqo. Ukwakhiwa kwesonto elincane. Baarn: Abayishumi Banakho.
- Ukuhunyushwa okusha kweBhayibheli
Okuqukethwe
- AmaSamariya
- AmaSamariya njengezakhamizi zendawo ethile
- AmaSamariya njengesizwe
- AmaSamariya njengeqembu lenkolo
- AmaSamariya eBhayibhelini
- AmaSamariya eTestamenteni Elidala
- AmaSamariya eTestamenteni Elisha
- AmaSamariya ngevangeli likaLuka nakuZenzo
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