Itshe lesafire elisho eBhayibhelini .
Isapphire isho iqiniso, ukwethembeka nobuqotho. ISafire ihlotshaniswa nomusa waphezulu. Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wawungumbala owawusetshenziswa ngabefundisi ukukhombisa ukuzihlanganisa kwabo namazulu. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, isafire limele ukuhlangana kompristi nesibhakabhaka, futhi amasafire ayesezindandeni zababhishobhi. Kwakungamatshe futhi akhethwe amakhosi. ISafire nayo iwuphawu lokuzinikela kuNkulunkulu.
ILEGENDI
Ngokwenganekwane, uMose wathola iMiyalo Eyishumi emabhodini esafire, okwenza itshe libe ngcwele futhi limelele umusa waphezulu. AmaPheresiya asendulo ayekholelwa ukuthi umhlaba uhleli kusafire omkhulu nokuthi isibhakabhaka sikweleta umbala waso ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokukhanywa kabusha kwesafire.
Futhi izisekelo zodonga lomuzi zazihlotshiswe ngawo wonke amatshe ayigugu. Isisekelo sokuqala sasiyijaspi; eyesibili, isafire; esesithathu, ikalkalonyoni; esesine, i-emeraldi; Eyesihlanu, isardoni; eyesithupha, isardiyamu; eyesikhombisa, ikrisolithe; eyesishiyagalombili, ibherile; eyesishiyagalolunye itopazi; eyetshumi, ikrisoprase; eyeshumi nanye, ihiyakinte; eyetshumi lambili, i-amethiste. Isambulo 21: 19-20 .
I-SAPPHIRE: Itshe LOKUHLAKANIPHA
Kusho ukuthini isafire? .ISafire ingenye yamatshe ayigugu amane abaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni futhi yinhle kakhulu eduzane ne-ruby, idayimane ne-emerald.
Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Ultralite, kuvame ukutholakala kumadiphozithi acebile nge-hematite, i-bauxite ne-rutile. Umbala wayo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kungenxa yokwakheka kwawo kubandakanya i-aluminium, titanium nensimbi.
Amasafire ahlotshaniswa nobuqotho nokwethembeka. Isafire imvamisa iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, yize kukhona ama-sapphire abomvana, aphuzi futhi amhlophe noma angenambala. Yenziwe nge-oxide ye-aluminium ebizwa nge-corundum, iyiminerali yemvelo enzima kunazo zonke ngemuva kwedayimane. I-corundum eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iyisafire, kuyilapho ebomvu iyi-irubhi.
UMLANDO
ISanskrit sauriratna yaba igama lesiHeberu elithi Sapphire = lezinto ezinhle kakhulu. Amasafire ayatholakala kuwo wonke umhlaba, anamagugu asezingeni eliphakeme avela eMyanmar noma eBurma, e-Australia naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Amasafirefi atholakala okokuqala e-United States ngo-1865. Indawo ezungeze iYogo Gulch, eMontana, eU.SA. Iyaziwa ngamasafire awo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, asezingeni eliphakeme angadingi ukwelashwa kokushisa.
Umthombo ocacile weBlue Sapphire useCeylon, namuhla eSri Lanka, kunemayini endala kunazo zonke yaseSapphire. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, iSapphires yaseSri Lanka yayivele yaziwa ngekhulu le-480 BC, futhi kuthiwa iNkosi uSolomoni yathathela indlovukazi yaseSaba ngokumnika amaSafire avela kulelo zwe, ngokunembile evela esifundeni esizungezile sedolobha laseRatnapura , okusho ukuthi idolobha lamagugu eSinhala.
IMIBALA YESAPPHIRE
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamasafire. Ngokwemibala yabo, baziwa njengesafire emnyama, isafire ehlukanisiwe, isafire eluhlaza kanye nesafire e-violet, njll.
Amasafire eminye imibala aziwa njengamasafire amahle.
- I-White Sapphire: Leli tshe limele ubulungiswa, isimilo kanye nenkululeko.
- I-Parti Sapphire: Le Sapphire, etholakala e-Australia, iyinhlanganisela yemibala eminingana: eluhlaza, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi futhi obala. Le Sapphire ihlanganisa ndawonye izimfanelo zawo wonke amanye amaSafire. Ama-sapphire ase-Australia ngokuvamile anama-nuances aluhlaza namabhande we-hexagonal agxilile.
- IBlack Sapphire: Inamandla okubamba izimpande okusiza ukunqoba ukukhathazeka nokusabalalisa ukungabaza.
- I-Violet Sapphire: Xhuma ngokomoya. Kuyaziwa njengeThe Stone of Awakening.
- Amasafire amahle:
- ESri Lanka abadumileAmaPadparadschas avela,amasafire ewolintshi, nawo abomvana futhi aphuzi.
- E-Australia, amasafire aphuzi naluhlaza asekhwalithi enhle kakhulu.
- EKenya, eTanzania naseMadagascar, kuvela amasafire amafantasy amathoni ahlukahlukene kakhulu.
INKANYEZI SAPPHIRE
Kuyaziwa ngokuthi itshe lokuhlakanipha nenhlanhla.
Amandla: Iyamukela.
Iplanethi: Inyanga
Isici samanzi.
UbuNkulunkulu: u-Apollo.
Amandla: I-Psychism, uthando, ukuzindla, ukuthula, umlingo wokuzivikela, ukwelashwa, amandla, imali.
Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-Asterism noma i-Star Effect kudalwa ukufakwa okwenziwe ngenaliti okuhamba ngokufana ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukile futhi kwakheke inkanyezi ebonakala ebusweni bayo. Lawa ama-Rutilium inclusions, abizwa nangokuthi usilika.
Inkanyezi yakhiwa ngokufakwa kwezimbotshana ezincane eziyizigaxa ngaphakathi kwetshe njengezinaliti ezincane ze-rutile eziphambana zodwa ngamazinga ahlukahlukene akhiqiza into ebizwa nge-asterism. Kumasafire amnyama yizinaliti ze-hematite.
Umbala wenkanyezi isafire uyehluka kusuka kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemibala ehlukahlukene kuye kupinki, owolintshi, ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani, i-lavender nokusukela kokumpunga kuya kokumnyama. Ama-coloring agents e-sapphire eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yinsimbi ne-titanium; i-vanadium ikhiqiza amatshe e-violet. Okuqukethwe okuncane kwensimbi kuphumela kuphela kumathoni aphuzi naluhlaza; I-chromium ikhiqiza umbala obomvana, nethoni ne-vanadium orange tones. Umbala oyifunayo kakhulu umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ocacile, onamandla.
I-asteria ejwayelekile iyinkanyezi yesafire, imvamisa i-blue-grey, milky noma opalescent corundum, enenkanyezi yama-ray ayisithupha. Ku-red corundum, ukubonakaliswa kwezinkanyezi akuvamile, ngakho-ke, i-inkanyezi ye-rubyngezikhathi ezithile ihlangana nenkanyezi yesafire.
Abantu basendulo babebheka amasafire ezinkanyezi njengetelesela elinamandla elivikela abahambi nabafunayo. Babhekwa njengabanamandla kakhulu ukuthi bazoqhubeka nokuvikela umsebenzisi, noma ngabe sebedluliselwe komunye umuntu.
Uphawu lwe-Zodiac: I-Taurus.
Imali: E-Australia, eMyanmar, eSri Lanka naseThailand. Amanye amadiphozi abalulekile enkanyezi yesafire aseBrazil, eCambodia, eChina, eKenya, eMadagascar. Malawi, Nigeria, Pakistan, Rwanda, Tanzania, United States (Montana), Vietnam neZimbabwe.
SAPPHIRE TRAPICHE
Yize amaphethini weTrapiche ejwayelekile ku-emeralds, akuvamile kakhulu ku-corundum futhi kuvame ukukhawulelwairubhi.I-Trapiche Sapphires, efana ne-amarubifuthiumgibe we-emeralds, iqukethe izigaba eziyisithupha zesafire eziklanywe futhi zahlukaniswa izingalo eziholela enkanyezini emisiwe yemisebe eyisithupha.
Igama le-trapiche, eligqugquzelwe ukufana kwalesi sakhiwo naleso se-pinion eyinhloko yomshini osetshenziselwa ukukhipha ujusi ezimobeni. Namuhla, leli gama lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza lo mkhuba kunoma yiluphi udaba lapho kutholakala khona lesi sibalo esinamacala ayisithupha.
Iningi lamasafire eTrapiche, njengamarubi aseTrapiche, avela esifundeni seMong Hsu eBurma naseNtshonalanga Afrika.
Lokhu kwakhiwa kwe-trapiche kutholakala nakwamaminerali amaningi ahlukahlukene emvelaphi ehlukahlukene, okungukuthi: i-Alexandrite, i-amethiste, i-aquamarine, i-aragonite, i-chalcedony, i-spinel, njll.
PADPARADSCHA SAPPHIRE NOMA ILOTUS FLOWER
Igama livela eSanskrit Padma raga (Padma = lotus; raga = umbala), ngokoqobo: umbala wembali ye-lotus ekushoneni kwelanga.
Izinhlobonhlobo eziyigugu kakhulu futhi ezaziswayo, ibonakala ngemibala yayo ephuzi, ebomvana nesawolintshi. Kuyisafire engavamile kakhulu emvelweni. Iphinde ikhiqizwe ngokwenziwa.
Lawa masafire avela eSri Lanka (yangaphambili iCeylon). Kodwa-ke, zikhishwe naseQuy Chau (Vietnam), Tunduru (Tanzania) naseMadagascar. Kutholakale amasafire e-orenji e-Umba (eTanzania), kepha athanda ukuba mnyama kakhulu kunokuhle futhi anombala onsundu.
Imali: ESri Lanka, eTanzania naseMadagascar.
IZIMPHEPHO ZANGEMPELA NEZIDUMILE
Amagugu omqhele waseBrithani aqukethe amasafire amaningi, amele abaholi abamsulwa nabahlakaniphile. Njengomqhele kaSt. Edward. Umqhele wobukhosi uqukethe isafire lika-Edward the Confessor futhi ungaphakathi kwesiphambano saseMalta esifakwe ngaphezulu komqhele.
Ama-sapphire amakhulu asahlukile njenge:
- I-Star of India, ngokungangabazeki enkulu kunazo zonke ezake zaqoshwa (ama-carats angama-563) kanye neMidnight Star (Midnight Star), inkanyezi yesafire emnyama engu-116-carat.
- Kutholakale eminyakeni engamakhulu amathathu edlule eSri Lanka, iNkanyezi yaseNdiya yanikelwa eMnyuziyamu waseMelika Wezomlando Wezemvelo ngusomnotho uJP Morgan.
- I-Saint Edward ne-Stuart (ama-carats ayi-104), afakwa emqhele wobukhosi waseNgilandi.
- I-Star of Asia: Itholakala eSmithsonian Institution of Washington (ama-carats angama-330) kanye ne-Star of Artaban (316 carats).
- Izinqola ezingama-423 iLogan Sapphire zikhonjiswa eSmithsonian Museum of Natural History (Washington). Iyisafire eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enkulu kunazo zonke eyaziwayo. Yanikelwa nguNkk John A. Logan ngo-1960.
- AbaseMelika baqopha amakhanda omongameli abathathu ngamasafire amakhulu: iWashington, iLincoln ne-Eisenhower, etsheni elatholakala ngo-1950, elinesisindo esingu-2,097 carats, lehliselwa kuma-carats ayi-1,444.
- I-Ruspoli noma i-Rispoli, isafire elimise okwedayimane lama-carats angama-135.80 okwakungekaLouis XIV, okumanje aseNational Museum of Natural History eParis.
- Igugu lesonto lombhishobhi laseReims (eFrance) linentelezi kaCarlo Magno, ayeyigqoka entanyeni yakhe lapho ithuna lakhe livulwa ngo-1166, kwathi kamuva, umfundisi ka-Aix-la-Chapelle wanika uNapoleon I °. Wayenamasafire amabili amakhulu. Kamuva yaphathwa nguNapoleon III.
GEMU YOKUZALWA NGOSEPTEMBA
ISafire ilitshe lokuzalwa lenyanga kaSepthemba futhi yake yaba yitshe lika-Ephreli. Kuwuphawu lukaSaturn noVenus futhi kuhlotshaniswa nezimpawu zezinkanyezi ze-Aquarius, iVirgo, iLibra neCapricorn. Amasafire kuthiwa aqukethe amandla okuphulukisa, othando namandla. Leli gugu lingasiza ekucaciseni ngokwengqondo futhi likhuthaze ukuzuza kwezezimali.
UKUSETSHENZISWA NGOKWENZEKA KWEZIMPEPHO
Ngenxa yobulukhuni babo, amasafire asetshenzisiwe kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo. Okunye kwalokhu kusetshenziswa kufaka phakathi izinto ze-infrared optical kuzinsimbi zesayensi, amawindi aqine kakhulu, amakristalu okubuka kanye namafabhethi amancane kagesi asetshenziswa kumasekhethi ahlanganisiwe nakwamanye amadivayisi kagesi aqinile.
Ubulukhuni bamasafire buboleka kahle kumathuluzi wokusika nokupholisha. Zingagaywa kalula zibe impushana emaholoholo, zilungele amathuluzi okugcoba kanye nokupholisha nezinhlanganisela.
IZINSUKU ZOKUVUMELANA
Ama-sapphire okwenziwa aqala ukwenziwa ngo-1902 ngenqubo eyasungulwa usokhemisi waseFrance u-Auguste Verneuil. Le nqubo ifaka ukuthatha i-alumina powder enhle bese uyincibilikisa ibe yilangabi legesi eliqhumayo. I-alumina ifakwa kancane kancane ngohlobo lwezinyembezi zento yesafire.
Amasafire okwenziwa acishe afane ngokubukeka nezakhiwo kumasafire wemvelo. La matshe ayahluka ngentengo kodwa avame ukusetshenziselwa ubucwebe obungabizi kakhulu.
Namuhla, amasafire okufakelwa mahle kakhulu kangangoba kudingeka uchwepheshe ukuze ahlukanise okwemvelo nezinhlobo zokwenziwa.
IZINHLOBO
• I-Water Sapphire: yizinhlobonhlobo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ze-cordierite noma i-dichroite.
• Isafire emhlophe: i-corundum ekhanyisiwe, engenambala futhi esobala.
• Isafire yamanga: izinhlobonhlobo ze-quartz ekhanyisiwe enemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yokufakwa okuncane kwe-crocidolite.
• Isafire yaseMpumalanga: isafire yaziswa kakhulu ngokugqama kwayo noma empumalanga.
Okuqukethwe