Izikhungo Zamahhala Zokuhlumelelisa Izidakamizwa

Izikhungo Zosizo Zotshwala

Izikhungo wokuhlunyeleliswa kwezidakwa zamahhala. Izikhungo zamahhala zokuvuselelwa kwezidakamizwa notshwala enzelwe siza abantu nge izinkinga zokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa ezingenayo i- kusho ukukhokhela ukwelashwa yezidakamizwa. Lezi zikhungo zokuhlumelelisa zinikeza a izindlela zokwelashwa nezinsiza ezahlukahlukene esukela ekukhipheni ubuthi emzimbeni kuya ekunakekelweni kokuhlala isikhathi eside.

Imithombo yezimali yezikhungo zokuvuselela mahhala iyahlukahluka futhi ingafaka iminikelo yokupha, iminikelo yangasese, kanye nezibonelelo zikahulumeni. Kukhona nezinhlangano ezithile ezinikezela ngemifundaze kubantu abangakwazi ukukhokhela izindleko zokuvuselelwa, okubavumela ukuthi bathole ukwelashwa ezikhungweni ezizimele zokuhlumelelisa.

Izinhlelo zamahhala zokuvuselela kabusha: yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene?

Izikhungo Zokuvuselela Abangenzi-nzuzo

Kunezinhlangano eziningi ezingenzi nzuzo ezisebenzisa izikhungo zokwelashwa noma izikhungo zezikhwama ezinikela ngezinhlelo zamahhala zokuvuselela izidakamizwa kulabo abadinga usizo. Lezi zinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo futhi zinikeza ukwesekwa kubantu abaphila nezidakamizwa, ukuqwashisa, nokukhuthaza umthetho osekelayo.

Izinhlangano eziningi ezingenzi nzuzo zigxila ekunikezeni ngezinsizakalo zokwelashwa nezokubuyiselwa kubantu abathile ababencishwe amathuba. Ezinye zalezi zinhlangano zifaka:

Isikhungo sokuvuselela umlutha wamahhala .

• Isisekelo se-Amy Winehouse , inhlangano esiza abantulayo exhasa ngqo ikhaya lokutakula labesifazane abasebasha, abaneminyaka engu-18-30, abanqoba umlutha. isikhungo sokuhlumelelisa utshwala .
• Ukuzilungiselela , inhlangano yomphakathi enikeza izeluleko nesikhuthazo kwabesifazane abahlushwa ukulutheka ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusekela iqembu ezigxile ekugibeleni amabhayisikili. Le nhlangano futhi iphethe isikhungo esihlinzeka ngemithi yokwelashwa esekwe ebufakazini kwabesifazane abalwa nokulutha kwezidakamizwa notshwala, ukuhlukunyezwa emakhaya nokuboshwa.
• Ukubhala Uthando Ezandleni Zakhe (TWLOHA), inhlangano ezimele, engenzi nzuzo ezinikele ekusizeni abantu abalwa nokulutha, ukudangala, ukuzilimaza, nemicabango yokuzibulala. Kusukela yasungulwa ngo-2007, i-TWLOHA inyuse izigidi zamarandi ukuxhasa ngqo izinhlelo zokwelashwa nezokululama.
• IPhoenix House , isisekelo esinezikhungo ezingaphezu kwezingu-130 zokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa notshwala ezifundazweni eziyishumi. Le nhlangano engenzi-nzuzo isebenza ikakhulu izikhungo zokwelashwa kweziguli, kepha iphinde inikeze ngezindawo zokuphila ezingasile nezeziguli kulabo abaguqukayo.
• I-Rosecrance , inhlangano enkulu engenzi nzuzo ehlinzeka ngezikhungo zokwelashwa ezihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokulutha iziguli ezingalaliswayo nezigulayo kubantu abadala, intsha kanye nezingane.

Ukulungiswa kwezidakamizwa notshwala

Izinhlangano eziningi ezizinikele kwezokholo zinikela ngokuvuselelwa kwezidakamizwa notshwala mahhala, futhi izinhlelo eziningi azidingi ababambiqhaza ukuthi babhalise ezinkolelweni ezithile. Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlobo lohlelo lokuvuselela, abantu abalwa nokulutha kwezidakamizwa bafuna ukuholwa kumandla aphezulu ukuze bahlale beqinile phakathi nohambo lwabo lokululama.

Ezinye zezinhlelo zokwelashwa ezaziwa kakhulu zezidakamizwa eziyimilutha ezinengqondo enamandla yenkolo yi-Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) neNarcotics Anonymous (NA). Lezi zinhlelo zamahhala zokuxhaswa kwamaqembu zisuselwa kunqubo yezinyathelo eziyi-12 ezibandakanya:²

• Ukuvuma ukuthi awunamandla
• Yamukela ukuthi Amandla Aphezulu kuphela angakusiza
• Ukunikela ngentando yakho nempilo yakho kuNkulunkulu
• Thatha uhlu lokuziphatha
• Ukuvuma amaphutha akho
• Yilungele ukuvumela uNkulunkulu asuse amaphutha akho
• Lungisa labo obalimazile
• Ukwenza ngcono ukuxhumana kwakho noNkulunkulu ngomthandazo nokuzindla.
• Ukusabalalisa izwi

ISalvation Army isebenzisa olunye lwezinhlelo ezinkulu zokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa e-United States. Le nhlangano esekwe kwezenkolo njengamanje inikela ngezinhlelo zokuvuselela abantu izidakamizwa nezotshwala ezisemoyeni ezindaweni ezingama-119 zokuvuselela abantu abadala ezisezweni lonke.³Lezi zinhlelo zamahhala zihlinzeka ngamagumbi kanye nebhodi, ukwelulekwa ngamaqembu nangabantu ngabanye, ukuqondiswa ngokomoya, umsebenzi, nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono empilo.

Izinhlelo zokuvuselela abantu ezixhaswa nguhulumeni

Kunezinhlelo eziningi zokuvuselela abantu ngemali ezixhaswa nguhulumeni ezitholakala mahhala kubantu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinhlelo ezinikezwa ezikhungweni zokuvuselela umphakathi ezixhaswa nguhulumeni kanye nezinsiza ezixhaswa ngemali nguhulumeni, ezifana nezibhedlela nezikhungo zokwelashwa eziphethwe nguMnyango Wezilwane Zempi (i-VA). I-SAMHSA ibuye yenze izibonelelo ezikhungweni zomphakathi nezangasese ezingenzi nzuzo zokukhokhela ngqo izindleko zokuvuselela labo abangakwazi ukukhokhela ukwelashwa kotshwala nezidakamizwa.

Ngubani ofanelekela ukuvuselelwa mahhala?

Izikhungo zokwelashwa eziphethwe yizinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo zivame ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lokukhokha kulabo abadinga izinsizakalo. Izinhlangano eziningi ezingenzi nzuzo zinikeza ukwelashwa kwamahhala ezikhungweni zazo zokuvuselela noma ezikhungweni ezizimele ngezifundo. Izinhlangano eziningi ezisekelwe kwezenkolo nazo zinikela ngosizo olukhokhelwe kulabo abafanelekile, kanti izinhlangano eziningi zezenkolo zinikela ngokulungiswa kwezidakamizwa notshwala mahhala njengengxenye yezinsizakalo zabo zenkonzo.

Iningi lezinhlelo zokuvuselelwa ezixhaswa nguhulumeni zinezidingo eziqinile zokufaneleka. Uma ufaka isicelo salezi zinhlelo, kuzodingeka unikeze ubufakazi bokuba yisakhamuzi sase-US, imali engenayo, ukungabi nomshuwalense owanele, nokuhlala kombuso.

Izinhlelo zokuvuselela izidakamizwa ezingumakadebona kanye nezidakamizwa zitholakala kuphela kuma-veteran afanelekile athola ukunakekelwa ohlelweni lwe-VA.⁴Lezi zinhlelo zokwelashwa kwamahhala zifaka izinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene njengokukhishwa emzimbeni, ukuvuselelwa, nokunakekelwa kwengqondo.

Ubuhle nobubi bezikhungo zokuvuselela mahhala

Izinzuzo zeSikhungo Sokuvuselela Izidakamizwa Mahhala

Inzuzo enkulu yezikhungo zokuvuselela mahhala yintengo yokwelashwa. Ngoba lezi zinsiza zihlinzeka ngokuvuselelwa kwezidakamizwa notshwala mahhala, abantu okungenzeka ukuthi abengeke bakwazi ukukhokhela i-rehab bangathola ukwelashwa nokusekelwa abakudingayo ukubhekana nokulutha kwabo. Izikhungo zokuhlumelelisa abantu mahhala futhi zilawula izinsizakalo endaweni elawulwayo ehlukanisa abahlanganyeli bezinhlelo ezweni langaphandle, isici esibalulekile esiqinisekisa ukuphepha futhi sikhuthaze ukululama.

Amandla okuya ezinhlelweni eziholwa ochwepheshe abanekhono, abanobubele, nabaqeqeshwe kahle kungenye yezindawo zokuvuselela mahhala. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, ungalindela ukuthi abasebenzi abanolwazi ezikhungweni zamahhala zokuhlumelelisa abantu banikeze ukunakekelwa kwekhwalithi besebenzisa amasu afakazelwe kanye nokwelashwa kokuziphatha okusekelwe ebufakazini.

Okubi kokuvuselelwa kwamahhala

Yize ukuvuselelwa kwamahhala kuyisisetshenziswa esibaluleke kakhulu kubantu abaningi abalwa nokulutha, lezi zinhlelo zinokubi okuthile, ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa nokwelashwa nezinsizakalo ezitholakala ezikhungweni zokukhokha ezikhokhelwayo.

Ngenxa yesabelomali esilinganiselwe kanye nokushoda kwezinsizakusebenza, izikhungo eziningi zamahhala zokuvuselela ziyaphoqeleka ukusebenzisa imishini nezinsiza eseziphelelwe yisikhathi. Izikhungo zokuvuselela mahhala zingase zingasebenzisi ubuchwepheshe bamuva kwisayensi yokulutha, kepha esikhundleni salokho zisebenzise izindlela ezindala, ezifakazelwe ezingase zingasebenzi njengemithi yokwelapha emisha etholakala ezikhungweni ezizimele zanamuhla.

Izikhungo eziningi zokubuyiselwa kwamahhala zikhungathekile ngokufunwa kwezinhlelo zazo. Ngenxa yalokhu, izikhungo eziningi zamahhala zokuvuselela kabusha zihlala zisebenza ngokugcwele. Uhlu lokulinda luyinkinga enkulu ezinhlelweni zokuvuselela mahhala. Izinhlelo eziningi zinohlu olude lokulinda, yize abantu abathile abasengozini enkulu, njengabasebenzisi bezidakamizwa abakhulelwe (IV), bangabekwa phambili ekwamukelweni ngokushesha ohlelweni lokwelashwa okuluthayo.

Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi abantu abangena ekwelashweni ngemilutha ngemuva kokuba sohlwini lokulinda banemiphumela emibi kakhulu yokwelashwa uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abathola ukwelashwa khona manjalo.⁵Ukuqala ukwelashwa sekwedlule isikhathi kungaholela ekuluthekeni okungathi sína kakhulu kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yezinkinga zezokwelapha, njengokusebenzisa ngokweqile.

Okunye okubi ngokuvuselelwa kwamahhala ukungabi khona kwezindlela zokwelashwa nezinsizakalo ezitholakalayo. Yize inzuzo yezindleko ingenakuqhathaniswa, lezi zinhlelo ngokuvamile zinikeza ukwelashwa okuyisisekelo ngezinsizakalo eziyisisekelo kuphela. Lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi uma ucabanga ngezinhlelo zokwelashwa ezenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo, izinsiza zesimanje, kanye nezinsiza ezinhlobonhlobo ezifana nezamahhotela ezinikezwa ezikhungweni eziningi zokuvuselela.

Ungabhalisa kanjani esikhungweni samahhala sokuvuselela izidakamizwa?

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuthola isikhungo samahhala sokuvuselela izidakamizwa. Ngenhlanhla, kunemithombo eminingi etholakalayo engaqondisa ucwaningo lwakho futhi ikusize uthole isikhungo samahhala sokuvuselela. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Isitholi sezinsizakalo zokwelashwa kokuziphatha . Leli thuluzi elihlinzekwe yi-SAMHSA likuvumela ukuthi uthole izikhungo eziseduze zokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ezinikela ngamanani asuselwa kumholo, amanani aphansi, noma usizo lokukhokha. Ungaxhumana nezikhungo ezizimele zokuvuselela abantu endaweni bese ubuza ngokutholakala kwezinhlelo zezifundo kanye nemali ekhokhwayo yesilayidi.
• I-Individual State Agency (SSAs) Yezinsizakalo Zokusebenzisa Izidakamizwa . Lo mkhombandlela unikezela ngemininingwane yokuxhumana yama-ejensi kahulumeni wombuso axhumanisa ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo zokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kubantu abangaqinisekisiwe noma abahola kancane. Shayela i-ejensi yakho yombuso ubuze nganoma yisiphi isikhungo sokuvuselela esikhokhelwa nguhulumeni lapho ungafaneleka khona ukwelashwa.
• Amasonto endawo nezinye izinhlangano zenkolo. Xhumana nalezi zinhlangano ukuthola ukuthi ngabe zinikeza noma yiziphi izinhlelo zokuvuselela mahhala.

Lapho usuthole indawo efanelekayo yokuvuselela, shayela umphathi wohlelo bese uqinisekisa yonke indlela yokufaneleka. Ekugcineni, qoqa yonke imibhalo (njengaleyo eqinisekisa imali engenayo, umshuwalense, nokuhlala) oyodinga ukuqedela ukubhalisa kwakho.

Enye indlela ongakhetha ngayo umuntu ongakwazi ukukhokhela ukwelashwa?

Kuneminye imithombo etholakalayo kubantu abafuna ukuhlanza kepha abakwazi ukukhokhela izindleko zokwelashwa. Isibonelo, izikhungo eziningi zokuvuselela zizosebenza namakhasimende ukudala uhlelo lokukhokha olwenziwe ngezifiso olungafaka izinketho ezifana nezikali ezislayidayo, usizo lokukhokha, noma izimali ezizimele.

Enye indlela ukubheka ukubamba iqhaza ocwaningweni lwesivivinyo somtholampilo. Isisekelo kusuka Idatha ye- izivivinyo zokwelashwa , insiza ehlinzekwa yi-US National Library of Medicine, iqukethe uhlu olubanzi lwezifundo zomtholampilo ezixhaswe esidlangalaleni nezizimele ezenziwa emhlabeni jikelele. Le database ingasetshenziselwa ukuthola izilingo zomtholampilo zokuvuselela izidakamizwa ezisemukela ababambiqhaza njengamanje. Ngaphezu kokuthola konke ukwelashwa ngaphandle kwezindleko, ungathola futhi isinxephezelo sesikhathi sakho nokubamba iqhaza kwakho.

Ukuvuselelwa kwe-inthanethi kungenye indlela yokwelashwa kubantu abangakwazi ukukhokhela i-rehab yendabuko. Imali ejwayelekile iphansi kunezinhlelo zendabuko zokuvuselela futhi ingahluka ngokuya ngemininingwane yohlelo. Amanani ancishisiwe ayatholakala nasezinkampanini eziningi ezimweni ngamacala.

Lezi zinhlelo zinikela ngezinhlelo ezikahle ze-inthanethi kanye nokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ezizimele, futhi iningi lifaka izinsizakalo ezinjengezikhathi zomuntu ngamunye nezeqembu eziholwa abeluleki bezidakamizwa, ukwesekwa kontanga namathuluzi wokutakula. Yize lolu hlobo lokuvuselelwa lungasebenza, luzozuzisa kuphela labo abanesiyalo nokuzimisela, njengoba lezi zinhlelo zizenzela zona.

Abantu nabo bayabuza

Ngisesimeni sokulinga; Yikuphi ukuvuselelwa okumahhala?

Ezimweni eziningi, ummangalelwa ubhekene nezindleko zokuvuselelwa okuyalelwe yinkantolo. Inkantolo ayisoze yakukhokhela ukwelashwa kotshwala kothile. Izikhungo ezisungulelwe ukuvuselelwa okuyalelwe yinkantolo ngokuvamile zinikela ngezinsizakalo ezisuselwa kusikali esisheshayo. Uma umuntu ofuna ukwelashwa engenayo imali, mhlawumbe ngeke kudingeke akhokhe noma yiziphi izimali zokwelashwa kwakhe.

Imithombo

1. Ukusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa Nokuphathwa Kwezinsizakalo Zempilo Yengqondo. (2019) Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinto Ezisemqoka Nezinkomba Zempilo Yengqondo e-United States: Imiphumela evela ku-2018 National Survey Yokusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa Nempilo .
2. Izidakwa Akaziwa. (2016) Izinyathelo Eziyishumi Nambili Zotshwala Ezingaziwa .
3. Ibutho Lensindiso. (2019) Yilwa nokulutha .
4. S. Department of Veterans Affairs. (2019) Uhlelo Lokuvuselela Abalweli Bezidakamizwa .
5. UChun, J., Guydish, JR, Silber, E., Gleghorn, A. (2008). Imiphumela yokwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kubantu abasohlwini lokulinda . U-Am J Ukuphuza ngokweqile Utshwala, 34 (5), 526-533 .
6. isikhungo sokuhlumelelisa utshwala

Okuqukethwe

• Izikhungo Zosizo Zotshwala
• Izinhlelo zamahhala zokuvuselela kabusha: yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene?
• Izikhungo Zokuvuselela Abangenzi-nzuzo
• Ukulungiswa kwezidakamizwa notshwala
• Izinhlelo zokuvuselela abantu ezixhaswa nguhulumeni
• Ngubani ofanelekela ukuvuselelwa mahhala?
• Ubuhle nobubi bezikhungo zokuvuselela mahhala
• Izinzuzo zeSikhungo Sokuvuselela Izidakamizwa Mahhala
• Okubi kokuvuselelwa kwamahhala
• Ungabhalisa kanjani esikhungweni samahhala sokuvuselela izidakamizwa?
• Enye indlela ongakhetha ngayo umuntu ongakwazi ukukhokhela ukwelashwa?
• Abantu nabo bayabuza
• Ngisesimeni sokulinga; Yikuphi ukuvuselelwa okumahhala?

• Imitholampilo yabangeqinisekisiwe
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• I-Emergency Medicaid Yabesifazane Abakhulelwe
• Ungaligcwalisa kanjani i-oda lemali le-IRS