Bonke abavangeli abane babhala ngokufa kukaJesu esiphambanweni eBhayibhelini. Ukufa esiphambanweni kwakungeyona indlela yamaJuda yokubulala abantu. AmaRoma ayemgwebele ukufa uJesu esiphambanweni ngenkani yabaholi benkolo yamaJuda ababegqugquzela abantu.
Ukufa esiphambanweni kukufa okuhamba kancane futhi okubuhlungu. Emibhalweni yabavangeli kanye nasezincwadini zomphostoli uPawulu, isiphambano sithola incazelo yezenkolo. Ngokufa kukaJesu esiphambanweni, abalandeli bakhe bakhululwa entonga yesono.
Isiphambano njengesijeziso ezikhathini zasendulo
Ukusetshenziswa kwesiphambano njengokubulawa kwabanikwe isigwebo sentambo kungenzeka kusukela esikhathini soMbuso WasePheresiya. Lapho, izigebengu zabethelwa esiphambanweni okokuqala. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi babefuna ukuvimba isidumbu sesidumbu ukuthi singangcolisi umhlaba obekelwe unkulunkulu.
Ngokudlula umnqobi ongumGrikhi u-Alexander the Great nabalandela emva kwakhe, isiphambano sasizongena kancane kancane entshonalanga. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yamanje, abantu eGrisi naseRoma bagwetshwa intambo esiphambanweni.
Isiphambano njengesijeziso sezigqila
Kokubili esiGrekini nasembusweni wamaRoma, ukufa esiphambanweni kwakusetshenziswa ikakhulu ezigqileni. Isibonelo, uma isigqila singalaleli inkosi yaso noma uma isigqila sizama ukubaleka, sasizibeka engcupheni yokugwetshwa esiphambanweni. Isiphambano sasivame ukusetshenziswa njalo ngamaRoma ekuvukeleni kwezigqila. Kwakuyisithiyo.
Isibonelo, umlobi nesazi sefilosofi esingumRoma, uCicero, uthi ukufa esiphambanweni kumele kubhekwe njengokufa okunesihluku nokwesabekayo. Ngokwesazi-mlando samaRoma, amaRoma ajezise ukuvukela kwezigqila ezaziholwa nguSpartacus ngokubethela izihlubuki eziyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha. Iziphambano zazimi eVia Agrippa ukusuka eCapua kuya eRoma ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha amaningi.
Isiphambano akusona isijeziso samaJuda
KwiTestamente Elidala, i-Jewish Bible, isiphambano akukhulunywa ngaso njengendlela yokugweba izigebengu ukuthi zibulawe. Amagama afana nesiphambano noma ukubethelwa awenzeki nhlobo eTestamenteni Elidala. Abantu bakhuluma ngendlela ehlukile yokugweba ukuphela. Indlela ejwayelekile yokuthi amaJuda ngezikhathi zeBhayibheli abulale umuntu kwakuwukukhandwa ngamatshe.
Kunemithetho eyahlukahlukene yokukhanda ngamatshe emithethweni kaMose. Kokubili abantu nezilwane babengabulawa ngokukhandwa ngamatshe. Emacaleni enkolo, njengokubiza imimoya (Levitikusi 20:27) noma ngemihlatshelo yezingane (Levitikusi 20: 1), noma ngokuphinga (Levitikusi 20:10) noma ngokubulala, othile wayengakhandwa ngamatshe.
Ukubethelwa ezweni lakwa-Israyeli
Iziboshwa ezibethelwe zaba isijeziso esihlangene ezweni lamaJuda ngemuva kokufika kombusi waseRoma ngo-63 BC. Mhlawumbe kube khona ukubethelwa kwa-Israyeli phambilini. Isibonelo, kuyashiwo ukuthi ngonyaka ka-100 BC, inkosi yamaJuda u-Alexander Jannaeus yabulala amakhulu ezihlubuki ezingamaJuda esiphambanweni eJerusalema. Ngezikhathi zamaRoma, isazi-mlando esingumJuda uFlavius Josephus ubhala ngokubethelwa esiphambanweni kwamasosha angamaJuda.
Incazelo engokomfanekiso yesiphambano ezweni lamaRoma
AmaRoma ayesenqobe indawo enkulu ngesikhathi sikaJesu. Kuyo yonke leyandawo, isiphambano sasimela ukubuswa kweRoma. Isiphambano besisho ukuthi amaRoma ayephethe nokuthi noma ngubani omayo endleleni yabo uzobhujiswa yibo ngendlela engeyinhle. KumaJuda, ukubethelwa kukaJesu esiphambanweni kusho ukuthi angeke abe nguMesiya, umsindisi olindelekile. UMesiya wayezoletha ukuthula kwa-Israyeli, futhi isiphambano saqinisekisa amandla nokubusa okungapheli kweRoma.
Ukubethelwa kukaJesu
Amavangeli amane achaza indlela uJesu abethelwa ngayo (Mathewu 27: 26-50; Marku 15: 15-37; Luka 23: 25-46; Johane 19: 1-34). Lezi zincazelo zihambelana nezincazelo zokubethelwa kwemithombo engeyona eyebhayibheli. Abashumayeli bevangeli bachaza ukuthi uJesu ugconwa kanjani obala. Izingubo zakhe zikhululiwe kuye. Ube esephoqwa amasosha amaRoma ukuthi aphathe i-crossbar ( isigxobo ) kupuleti lokubulawa.
Isiphambano sasinesigxobo kanye ne-crossbar ( isigxobo ). Ekuqaleni kokubethelwa, isigxobo sasivele simi. Olahlwe yicala wabethelwa esiphambanweni ngezandla zakhe noma waboshwa ngezintambo eziqinile. I-crossbar enomuntu olahlwe yicala yabe isidonselwa phezulu eduze kwalokhu kuphakanyiswa. Umuntu obethelwe wagcina ebulewe ukopha, ukukhathala, noma ukuminyana. UJesu wafa esiphambanweni kungakabiphi.
Incazelo engokomfanekiso yesiphambano sikaJesu
Isiphambano sinokubaluleka okukhulu okungokomfanekiso kumaKristu. Abantu abaningi banamaparende njengendandatho eketangeni entanyeni. Iziphambano zingabonakala nasemasontweni nasemibhoshongweni yesonto njengophawu lokukholwa. Ngomqondo othile, kungashiwo ukuthi isiphambano sesibe uphawu olufingqa inkolo yobuKristu.
Incazelo yesiphambano kumavangeli
Ngamunye wabavangeli abane ubhala ngokufa kukaJesu esiphambanweni. Ngaleyo ndlela wonke umvangeli, uMathewu, uMarko, uLuka, noJohane bazibekela amagama abo. Ngakho-ke kukhona umehluko encazelweni nasekuchazweni kwesiphambano phakathi kwabavangeli.
Isiphambano kuMathewu njengokugcwaliseka kombhalo
UMathewu wabhala ivangeli lakhe ngebandla lamaJuda nelamaKristu. Uyichaza kabanzi indaba yokuhlupheka kunoMarcus. Ukwaneliseka kwemibhalo kuyisihloko esisemqoka kuMathewu. UJesu wamukela isiphambano ngentando yakhe (Math. 26: 53-54), ukuhlupheka kwakhe akuhlangene necala (Mat. 27: 4, 19, 24-25), kodwa konke kunokugcwaliseka kwemibhalo ( 26: 54; 27: 3-10). Isibonelo, uMathewu ukhombisa abafundi abangamaJuda ukuthi uMesiya kumele ahlupheke futhi afe.
Isiphambano noMarcus, sisangulukile futhi sinethemba
UMark uchaza ukufa kukaJesu esiphambanweni ngendlela eyomile kodwa engena kakhulu. Ekukhala kwakhe esiphambanweni, Nkulunkulu wami, Nkulunkulu wami, kungani ungishiyile (Marku 15:34) kukhombisa uJesu hhayi kuphela ukuphelelwa kwakhe yithemba kepha futhi nethemba. Ngoba lawa magama ayisiqalo seHubo 22. Leli Hubo lingumthandazo lapho ikholwa lingagcini nje ngokukhuluma ngosizi lwalo, kepha nangokuqiniseka ukuthi uNkulunkulu uzomsindisa: ubuso bakhe abumfihlanga, kepha wezwa lapho ekhala yena (AmaHubo 22:25).
Isiphambano esinoLuka silandela
Ekushumayeleni kwakhe, uLuka ukhuluma neqembu lamaKristu ahlupheka ngokushushiswa, ukucindezelwa, nokusolwa ngamaqembu amaJuda. Incwadi yeZenzo, ingxenye yesibili yemibhalo kaLuka, igcwele ngayo. ULuka uveza uJesu njengofel 'ukholo ofanele. Uyisibonelo samakholwa. Ukubizwa kukaJesu esiphambanweni kufakazela ukuzinikela: UJesu wamemeza ngezwi elikhulu: Baba, ezandleni zakho ngiyawunikela umoya wami. KuZenzo, uLuka ukhombisa ukuthi ikholwa lilandela lesi sibonelo. UStefanu ubabaza lapho, ngenxa yobufakazi bakhe, ekhandwa ngamatshe: Nkosi Jesu, yamukela umoya wami (Izenzo 7:59).
Ukuphakama esiphambanweni noJohane
Ngomvangeli uJohn, akukhulunywa ngehlazo lesiphambano. UJesu akahambi ngendlela yokuthotshiswa, njengoba uPawulu, ngokwesibonelo, ebhala encwadini eya kwabaseFilipi (2: 8). UJohn ubona uphawu lokunqoba esiphambanweni sikaJesu. Ivangeli lesine lichaza isiphambano ngendlela yokuphakanyiswa nokudunyiswa (Johane 3:14; 8:28; 12: 32-34; 18:32). NgoJohane, isiphambano indlela eya phezulu, umqhele kaKristu.
Incazelo yesiphambano ezincwadini zikaPaul
Umphostoli uPawulu uqobo lwakhe akazange akubone ukufa kukaJesu esiphambanweni. Kodwa isiphambano siwuphawu olubalulekile emibhalweni yakhe. Ezincwadini azibhalela amabandla ahlukene nabantu ngabanye, ufakaze ngokubaluleka kwesiphambano ngempilo yamakholwa. UPaul ngokwakhe kwakungafanele esabe ukulahlwa yisiphambano.
Njengesakhamuzi saseRoma, wayevikelwe kulokhu ngokomthetho. Njengesakhamuzi saseRoma, isiphambano sasiyichilo kuye. Ezincwadini zakhe, uPawulu ubiza isiphambano ngehlazo ( ihlazo ) nobuwula: kepha sishumayela uKristu obethelwe esiphambanweni, isikhuthazo samaJuda, ubuwula kwabezizwe (1 KwabaseKorinte 1:23).
UPaul uyavuma ukuthi ukufa kukaKristu esiphambanweni kungokwemibhalo (1 KwabaseKorinte 15: 3). Isiphambano akulona nje ihlazo eliyinhlekelele, kepha ngokweTestamente Elidala, bekuyindlela uNkulunkulu afuna ukuhamba ngayo noMesiya wakhe.
Isiphambano njengesisekelo sensindiso
UPawulu uchaza isiphambano ezincwadini zakhe njengendlela eya ensindisweni (1 Kor. 1: 18). Izono zithethelelwe ngesiphambano sikaKristu. … Ngokusula ubufakazi obabufakazela thina nokusisabisa ngemithetho yakhe. Futhi wakwenza lokho ngokukubethela esiphambanweni (Kol.2: 14). Ukubethelwa kukaJesu kungumhlatshelo wesono. Wafa esikhundleni sezoni.
Amakholwa ‘abethelwe ndawonye’ kanye naye. Encwadini ayibhalela abaseRoma, uPawulu ubhala athi: Ngoba siyazi lokhu, ukuthi umuntu wethu omdala wabethelwa esiphambanweni, ukuze umzimba wakhe ususwe esonweni, nokuthi singabe sisaba yizigqila zesono (Rom. 6: 6) ). Noma njengoba ebhalela ibandla labaseGalathiya: Ngibethelwe kanye noKristu, kepha ngiyaphila,
Imithombo nezethenjwa
- Isingeniso isithombe: Mahhala-Izithombe , Pixabay
- I-Noordergraaf nabanye (i-ed.). (2005). Isichazamazwi sabafundi beBhayibheli.I-Zoetermeer, Isikhungo Sencwadi.
- UCJ Den Heyer noP. Schelling (2001). Izimpawu eBhayibhelini. Amagama nezincazelo zawo. Zoetermeer: Meinema.
- UJ. Nieuwenhuis (2004). UJohn the Seer. Ukupheka: Amakamu.
- J. Smit. (1972). Indaba yokuhlupheka. Ku: R. Schippers, et al. (Umhl.). IBhayibheli. IBand V. Amsterdam: incwadi yaseAmsterdam.
- UT Wright (2010). Emangele ngethemba. UFraneker: Indlu yokushicilela kaVan Wijnen.
- Izingcaphuno zeBhayibheli ezivela ku-NBG, 1951
Okuqukethwe
- Isiphambano njengesijeziso ezikhathini zasendulo
- Isiphambano njengesijeziso sezigqila
- Isiphambano akusona isijeziso samaJuda
- Ukubethelwa ezweni lakwa-Israyeli
- Incazelo engokomfanekiso yesiphambano ezweni lamaRoma
- Ukubethelwa kukaJesu
- Incazelo engokomfanekiso yesiphambano sikaJesu
- Incazelo yesiphambano kumavangeli
- Isiphambano kuMathewu njengokugcwaliseka kombhalo
- Isiphambano noMarcus, sisangulukile futhi sinethemba
- Isiphambano esinoLuka silandela
- Ukuphakama esiphambanweni noJohane
- Incazelo yesiphambano ezincwadini zikaPaul
- Isiphambano njengesisekelo sensindiso
- Imithombo nezethenjwa