Izidingo zamaVisa Womsebenzi e-United States

Requisitos Para Visas De Trabajo En Estados Unidos







Zama Ithuluzi Lethu Lokuqeda Izinkinga

Izidingo ze-visa yomsebenzi . Ngaphezu kokuba izwe lapho abantu abaningi baya ngezinhloso zokuvakasha, i-United States nayo iyi- indawo yokusebenza edumile . Abantu abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba ngifuna ukusebenza e-US . Ngenxa ye amaholo aphezulu nezindawo ezinhle zomsebenzi .

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuya e-US ngezizathu zomsebenzi:

  • Njengomsebenzi wesikhashana
  • Njengomsebenzi oxhasiwe / osebenza ngokugcwele

I- Abasebenzi besikhashana badinga i- i-visa engabokufika kusuka e-US, ngenkathi i- abasebenzi abaxhasiwe badinga i- i-visa yokufika . Le ndatshana izokhuluma ngakho konke odinga ukukwazi ngokuba yisisebenzi sesikhashana nokuthola i-visa yomsebenzi wase-United States.

Ukuze ubhekelwe i-visa yokufika kwezinye izigaba ezisuselwa emisebenzini, umqashi noma umenzeli walowo ofaka isicelo kumele aqale athole imvume isitifiketi sabasebenzi esivela eMnyangweni Wezabasebenzi .

Lapho ethola, umqashi uthumela a Isicelo Sokufika Sokusebenza Kwangaphandle , Ifomu I-140 , ngaphambi kwe-United States Citizenship and Immigration Services ( I-USCIS ) wesigaba esifanele sokukhetha esisuselwe emisebenzini.

Iziqu zeVisa USA USA

Kunemibandela emithathu lapho umuntu onentshisekelo yokuthola i-visa yomsebenzi wase-US kumele ahlangane nayo ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo sayo. Uma ungahlangabezani nalezi zimo, iNxusa lingasenqaba isicelo sakho se-visa. Lokhu kuzokuvimbela ukuthi uye e-US futhi usebenze lapho. Le mibandela imi kanje:

Yiba nokunikezwa komsebenzi e-US

Kufanele ufake isicelo futhi wamukelwe endaweni yomsebenzi e-US ukuze ufanelekele i-visa yokusebenza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-United States idinga imibhalo eminingana evela kumqashi wakho ngaphambi kokuqala isicelo sakho se-visa.

Isicelo esifakwe yi-United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)

Le mfuneko isho ukuthi ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo se-visa yokusebenza yase-U.S., Umqashi wakho kufanele athumele isicelo sesisebenzi esingafuduki ngaphambi kwe-USCIS. Lesi sicelo, esaziwa nangokuthi ifomu I-129 Ngumbhalo obaluleke kakhulu kuwe ukuthola i-visa yakho yokusebenza.

Lapho i-USCIS ivuma isicelo somqashi wakho, ungaqala ukufaka isicelo se-visa. Kodwa-ke, uma isicelo sakho samukelwa, lokho akusho ukuthi i- I-Embassy yezizwe ezihlangene akunikeze ngokuzenzakalela i-visa yomsebenzi. Ngezizathu ezingashiyelwa ekuzimiseleni kweNxusa, i-visa yakho yokusebenza inganqatshwa noma ngabe isicelo sakho se-USCIS sivunyiwe.

Ukuvunywa kwesitifiketi sabasebenzi nguMnyango Wezabasebenzi ( DOL )

Amanye ama-visa womsebenzi, ikakhulukazi i I-H-1B, H-1B1, H-2A no-H-2B futhi funa umqashi wakho abe nesitifiketi se- DOL . Umqashi wakho kufanele akwenzele isicelo se-DOL ngisho nangaphambi kokufaka isicelo ku-USCIS. Uhulumeni wase-United States udinga lesi sitifiketi njengobufakazi bokuthi abaqashi baseMelika badinga abasebenzi bangaphandle.

Kufanele bakhombise ukuthi abakwazi ukugcwalisa leyo misebenzi nabasebenzi baseMelika. Ngokwengeziwe, isitifiketi siyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abasebenzi bakwamanye amazwe abangawathinti kabi amathuba emisebenzi ezakhamuzini zase-US.

Izidingo ze-visa zomsebenzi wase-US

Ngaphezu kokuhlangabezana nemibandela emithathu yeziqu, kuzodingeka futhi ube nale mibhalo:

  • Ipasipoti evumelekile, okumele isebenze ukuhlala kwakho konke e-US kanye nezinyanga eziyisithupha ezingeziwe ngemuva kokubuya kwakho
  • Isithombe se-visa sase-US, okudingeka usilayishe lapho ugcwalisa ifomu lesicelo eliku-inthanethi.
  • Inombolo yokuthola, ongayithola kuSicelo Sakho Esivunyelwe Somuntu Ongasebenzi Wokufika (Ifomu I-129) elifakwe umqashi wakho.
  • Ikhasi lokuqinisekisa ukuthi usuqedile isicelo sakho se-Nonimmigrant Visa Application ( Ifomu DS-160 ).
  • Irisidi elikhombisa ukuthi uyikhokhile imali yesicelo. Kuma-visa omsebenzi wase-US, imali yokufaka isicelo ingama- $ 190. Kungenzeka futhi kube nezimali ezengeziwe ezisebenza endaweni okuyo, ngakho-ke kufanele ubheke kwinxusa laseMelika langakini ukuthola imininingwane.
  • Ubufakazi bokuthi uzobuyela ezweni lakini ngemuva kokuphela komsebenzi wakho e-US. Lokhu kusebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo zama-visa womsebenzi ngaphandle kwe-visa H-1B kanye L. Izibonelo zokuthi ungabonisa kanjani ukuthi uzobuya e-US zifaka okulandelayo:
    • Ukwethula isimo sakho sezezimali
    • Ubudlelwano bomndeni wakho
    • Noma iziphi izinhlelo zesikhathi eside ongahle ube nazo
    • Indawo yokuhlala ohlela ukubuyela kuyo
  • Kulabo abafaka isicelo se-visa L, kuzodingeka futhi babe nefomu I-129S kuqediwe (Isikhalazo Esingahambisani Nabokufika sisuselwa ku-General Petition L). Kufanele uphathe leli fomu uma unengxoxo yakho ye-visa.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zidingo ezijwayelekile, ezisebenza kubo bonke labo abafisa ukuthola i-visa yokusebenza yase-US, kungahle kube neminye imibhalo okufanele uyihambise. Kufanele uxhumane nenxusa laseMelika langakini ukuthola imininingwane ethe xaxa.

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-visa yomsebenzi e-United States?

Kubaqashi abafuna abasebenzi abanamakhono emakethe yomhlaba, uhlelo lokufuduka e-US lunikeza izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-visa omsebenzi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene. Kubaqashi nabasebenzi ngokufanayo, kubalulekile ukuba nokuqonda okucacile kwenqubo yokufika kanye nama-nuances abandakanyekile ekuqashweni kwabokufika. Lawa amanye ama-visa womsebenzi ajwayelekile e-United States:

IVisa H-1B

I-visa H-1B Kuyi-visa yomsebenzi wesikhashana etholakala kubantu bakwamanye amazwe emisebenzini ekhethekile, njengobunjiniyela kanye nesayensi yamakhompyutha. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-visa yokusebenza e-US, i-H-1B ithandwa kakhulu.

Ngenxa yokufunwa okuphezulu (ngo-2017, kwahanjiswa izicelo ezingaphezu kuka-236,000), kwafakwa umkhawulo waminyaka yonke wezicelo ezingama-85,000 ku-H-1B, okuyi-20 000 yayo ebekelwe abantu abaneziqu ze-master. Inani eliphezulu lezicelo kanye nenani eliphansi lama-visa e-H-1B atholakalayo linikeze ukunakekela okwengeziwe kwezinye izinhlobo zama-visa eminyakeni yamuva.

I-Visa L-1

Ukwahlukaniswa kwe- khombisa L-1 Kubekelwe abaqashi abadinga ukudlulisa abaphathi, abaphathi, noma abasebenzi abanolwazi olukhethekile kusuka ebhizinisini langaphandle baye egatsheni lase-United States. Isisebenzi kufanele sibe senhlanganweni okungenani unyaka owodwa futhi umqashi kufanele akhe ubudlelwano phakathi kwebhizinisi langaphandle nebhizinisi lase-US.

Khombisa i-TN

I-visa ye-TN yisigaba esikhethekile sezakhamizi zaseMexico naseCanada esasungulwa njengengxenye Yesivumelwano Sokuhweba Samahhala saseNyakatho Melika ( TLCAN ). Abasebenzi bakwamanye amazwe abafanelekile ukufaka izicelo zokwamukelwa kuhulumeni we-TN kufaka phakathi ama-accountants akhethiwe, onjiniyela, abameli nabanye ochwepheshe.

Lolu hlobo lwe-visa luhlonishwa kakhulu ngoba awukho umnqamulajuqu obekiwe noma usuku lokugcina olubekiwe lwe-visa ye-TN, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ze-visa yomsebenzi e-US.

Ama-visa ekhadi eliluhlaza

Ama-visa okuhlala unomphela e-US avame ukubizwa ngokuthi amakhadi aluhlaza . Amakhadi aluhlaza asuselwa emsebenzini afaka imikhakha i-EB-1, EB-2, ne-EB-3. Ikhadi eliluhlaza le-EB-1 liyatholakala kubasebenzi abaseqhulwini abanolwazi oluhlukile kwezesayensi, ezobuciko, ezemfundo, ezamabhizinisi nezokusubatha.

Ikhadi eliluhlaza EB-2 Kuyafana, yize futhi kungatholakala kubasebenzi abaneziqu ze-master noma ze-bachelor's kanye neminyaka emihlanu yolwazi lomsebenzi we-post-bachelor. Ekugcineni, ikhadi eliluhlaza le-EB-3 liyatholakala kubasebenzi abanamakhono noma ochwepheshe abaneziqu zasekolishi abenza indima edinga iziqu zasekolishi.

Izigaba zama-visa womsebenzi

Umsebenzi okhethwa kuqala (E1): Abasebenza kuqala. Amaqenjana amathathu:

  • Abantu abanekhono elingavamile kwisayensi, ubuciko, imfundo, ibhizinisi, noma ezemidlalo.
  • Oprofesa abavelele nabaphenyi abanolwazi okungenani lweminyaka emi-3 ekufundiseni noma ocwaningweni, abaziwa umhlaba wonke.
  • Abaphathi bamazwe omhlaba noma abaphathi abaqashwe okungenani iminyaka eyi-1 eyedlule ngumuntu obambisene naye, umzali, insizakalo noma igatsha lomqashi wase-US phesheya.

Umfakisicelo Wokuncanyelwa Kokuqala kumele abe ngumzuzi weSicelo Sokufika Sokufika Somsebenzi Wangaphandle, Ifomu I-140 , ifakwe kwa-USCIS.

Umsebenzi okhethwayo wesibili (E2): Ochwepheshe abaneziqu ezithuthukile nabantu abanamakhono ahlukile. Umfakisicelo Okhethwayo Okwesibili ngokuvamile kumele abe nesitifiketi sabasebenzi esivunyelwe nguMnyango Wezabasebenzi. Ukunikezwa komsebenzi kuyadingeka futhi umqashi wase-U.S. Kufanele afayele i-Immigrant Petition for Alien Worker, iFomu I-140, egameni lomenzi wesicelo.

Okuncanyelwa Umsebenzi Okwesithathu (E3): abasebenzi abanamakhono, ochwepheshe, nabangafundile (abanye abasebenzi. Umfakisicelo okhetha okhethwayo wesithathu kumele abe nesicelo esivunyiwe sokufika somsebenzi wangaphandle, Ifomu I-140, elifakwe ngumqashi ongaba khona. Bonke laba basebenzi ngokuvamile badinga abasebenzi. Isitifiketi esivunyelwe yi UMnyango Wezabasebenzi.

Umsebenzi okhethwayo wesine (E4): izifiki ezithile ezikhethekile. Kunamaqenjana amaningi ngaphakathi kwalesi sigaba. Umfakisicelo Okhethwayo Okwesine kumele abe ngumzuzi weSicelo esivunyelwe se-Amerasian, Widow (er), noma i-Special Immigrant, iFomu I-360, ngaphandle kwabasebenzi abathile noma ababengabasebenzi bakahulumeni wase-US phesheya. Ukuqinisekiswa kwabasebenzi akudingeki kunoma yimaphi amaqembu angaphansi kwamanye amazwe akhethekile.

Intandokazi yesihlanu yokuqashwa (E5): Abatshalizimali bokufika. Izigaba zama-visa zabatshalizimali bokufika zingezotshalo-mali lwamasheya wabatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe ekuqaleni kwamabhizinisi e-United States okunikeza ukudala amathuba emisebenzi.

Izinqubo zokufaka isicelo se-visa zase-US

Uma uhlangabezane nemibandela emithathu yokufaneleka futhi waqoqa idokhumenti edingekayo, khona-ke uyakufanelekela ukuqala isicelo sakho se-visa yomsebenzi wase-United States. Indlela ongafaka ngayo isicelo ngokugcwalisa lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

Gcwalisa i-Online Nonimmigrant Visa Application (Ifomu DS-160) bese uphrinta ikhasi lokuqinisekisa

Imininingwane oyifaka kwifomu i-DS-160 kufanele ibe ilungile. Uma uthumela imininingwane engalungile, iNxusa liyoba nesizathu esizwakalayo sokukuncisha i-visa. Futhi, iFomu DS-160 itholakala ngezilimi eziningi, kepha izimpendulo zakho kumele zibe ngesiNgisi.

Hlela ingxoxo yakho

Ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezicelo ezitholwe ngamanxusa ase-US, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi uhlela izingxoxo zakho ngokushesha lapho uhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo. Uma ungaphansi kweminyaka engu-13 noma ngaphezulu kwengu-80, ingxoxo ye-visa ngokuvamile ayidingeki. Ngokuqondene nabantu abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-14 nengama-79, izingxoxo ziyadingeka, kepha kungahle kube nokuhlukile uma uvuselela i-visa yakho nje.

Iya kwinhlolokhono

Ingxoxo yakho nolwazi olukufomu le-DS-160 kuzosiza Inxusa Lase-United States ukuthi lithathe isinqumo sokuthi likunikeze i-visa noma cha. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ubonise inhlolokhono ngesikhathi, ugqoke kahle futhi unawo wonke amadokhumenti adingekayo. Futhi, kufanele uphendule yonke imibuzo ngokuphelele ngangokunokwenzeka, njalo unikeze imininingwane eyiqiniso. Abaxoxisana neVisa baqeqeshelwe ukuthola lapho othile enikeza imininingwane engamanga, ngakho-ke uma bekwenza, bazokuncisha i-visa yakho.

Qedela izinqubo ezengeziwe

Uzocelwa ukuthi unikeze izigxivizo zeminwe ngaphambi, ngesikhathi noma ngemuva kwengxoxo yakho, kuya ngendawo okuyo, kanye nokukhokha noma yiziphi izimali ezengeziwe. Ngemuva kokucutshungulwa kwama-visa, uma iNxusa lase-United States likunikeza i-visa yokusebenza, kungadingeka nokuthi ukhokhe imali yokukhishwa kwe-visa. Inani lemali ekhishwa nge-visa linqunywa ngokuya ngezwe lakho odabuka kulo.

Amalungelo nezibopho zakho

Abasebenzi besikhashana e-United States baneqoqo lamalungelo uhulumeni abanikeza lona. Avikelwe ekuphulweni nasekuxhashazweni, futhi angasebenzisa la malungelo ngaphandle kokujeziswa. Uma othile e-US ephula amalungelo akho futhi uwabika, i-visa yakho ngeke isulwe futhi uhulumeni angeke akuphoqe ukuthi ubuyele ezweni lakho uma i-visa yakho isasebenza, ngoba ubike lokho kwephulwa.

Uma Abahloli Bokuphepha Kwasekhaya neminye iminyango ikuvumela ukuthi ungene e-United States, nawe unelungelo lokucela ukwelulwa kwesikhathi sokuhlala kwakho. Kodwa-ke, uma i-visa yakho isiphelelwe yisikhathi, awukwazi ukuhlala ezweni ngaphandle kokuthi iNxusa landise i-visa yakho. Uma uhlala ngemuva kokuthi i-visa yakho yomsebenzi ingavumelekile, ungahle ungafaneleki ukufaka isicelo sayo ngokuzayo.

Unelungelo futhi lokufaka isicelo se-visa soshade naye noma izingane zakho ezigabeni ezifanayo ze-visa onazo.

  • Kubanikazi bama-visa e-H, oshade naye nezingane kufanele bafake isicelo se-visa engu-H-4
  • Uma une-visa eyi-L, abantu obondlayo kumele bafake isicelo se-visa engu-L-2,
  • Kuma-O visa, oshade naye nezingane kufanele bafake isicelo se-O-3 visa,
  • Oshade naye nezingane ze-P visa holder kumele bafake isicelo se-P-4 visa, futhi
  • Labo abane-Q visa, oshade naye nezingane kufanele bafake isicelo se-visa ye-Q-3

Siyini isicelo sezimo zokusebenza?

UMnyango Wezabasebenzi wase-U.S. Ukhipha Isicelo Sezimo Zokusebenza ( I-LCA ) noma isitifiketi senkampani ehlela ukuqasha isisebenzi sangaphandle. I-LCA inika inkampani ilungelo lokuqasha izakhamizi ezingezona ezase-US zezakhamuzi eziQinisekayo eziQhubekayo (i-LPR) futhi ibaxhase ukuthola ama-visa.

I-LCA ithi inkampani idinga ukuqasha isisebenzi sangaphandle ngoba isisebenzi sase-US besingatholakali, siqeqeshiwe, noma sizimisele ukusebenza kulowo msebenzi. Iphinde ithi umholo wabasebenzi bamazwe angaphandle uzolingana nowomsebenzi wase-US nokuthi umsebenzi wangaphandle ngeke abhekane nobandlululo noma indawo embi yokusebenza.

Siyini isicelo somsebenzi?

Isicelo somsebenzi sifakwa yinkampani yase-US efuna ukuxhasa isisebenzi sakwelinye izwe i-visa yokuqashwa. Isicelo sifakwa ku-USCIS ukuze sicutshungulwe futhi sifaka imininingwane yesiqu somsebenzi wakwamanye amazwe, iholo kanye neziqu.

Lapho umqashi wase-U.S. Efaka isicelo somsebenzi, kumele akhokhe nezimali zokucubungula nokuxhasa umsebenzi. Kufanele futhi bafake nemibhalo esekelayo ekhombisa ukuthi inkampani ingakwazi ukuqasha isisebenzi sangaphandle, ukuthi bakhokhe yonke intela futhi bathola neLabour Certification Application (LCA) eMnyangweni Wezabasebenzi.

Uyini umqulu ogunyaza ukuqashwa?

Labo abanama-visa angabokufika abavela e-United States abakwazi ukuqala ukusebenza ngaphandle kokuthi banemvume yokusebenza. Imvume yokusebenza yase-U.S. Ibizwa ngokuthi yi-Employment Authorization Document ( EAD ) futhi ungatholakala ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba i-visa yakho ivunyelwe.

I-EAD ikuvumela ukuthi usebenze ngokusemthethweni kunoma iyiphi inkampani yase-US inqobo nje uma i-visa yakho isebenza. Oshade naye angathola i-EAD uma efanelekile. Lapho usuvuselele noma wandisa i-visa, kufanele futhi ufake isicelo sokuvuselelwa kwe-EAD yakho. Ngemininingwane yokuthi ungasifaka kanjani isicelo, vakashela i-athikili ye-EAD.

Imibhalo edingekayo

Ngemuva kokuthi i-USCIS isivume isicelo, iNational Visa Center izokwabela inombolo yecala lesikhalazo. Lapho usuku lokuqala lomfakisicelo luhlangabezana nosuku lwakamuva lweziqu, i-NVC izokhomba umfakisicelo ukuthi aqedele Ifomu DS-261 , Ukukhethwa kwabaphathi kanye ne-ejenti. Ngemuva kokukhokha imali ekhokhwayo, i-NVC izocela imibhalo elandelayo edingekayo:

  • Amaphasiphothi avumeleke izinsuku ezingama-60 ngemuva kosuku lokuphelelwa isikhathi okuphrintwe ku-visa yokufika.
  • Ifomu DS-260, Isicelo se-Visa Yobokufika kanye ne-Alien Registration.
  • Izithombe ezimbili (2) 2 × 2.
  • Imibhalo yomphakathi yomenzi wesicelo.
  • Ukuxhaswa kwezezimali. Engxoxweni yakho ye-visa yokufika, kufanele ukhombise umphathi wezwe ukuthi ngeke ube yinkokhiso yomphakathi e-United States.
  • Gcwalisa amafomu okuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.

Inhlolokhono yeVisa nesikhathi sokucubungula

Kanye yena I-NVC inquma ukuthi ifayili liphelele ngayo yonke imibhalo edingekayo, ihlela ukuqokwa kwengxoxo yomfakisicelo. I-NVC bese ithumela ifayili, eliqukethe isicelo somfakisicelo kanye nemibhalo ebhalwe ngenhla, kwiNxusa laseMelika noma e-Consulate, lapho umfakisicelo ezobuzwa khona nge-visa. Umfakisicelo ngamunye kumele alethe ipasipoti evumelekile kwinhlolokhono, kanye nanoma yimaphi amanye amadokhumende angakahlinzekwa ku-NVC.

Amacala ama-visa asuselwa kwabasebenza kwamanye amazwe athatha isikhathi esingeziwe ngoba anezinhlobo zama-visa ezinqunyelwe ngamanani. Isikhathi siyahluka kuye ngamacala futhi asinakubikezelwa kumacala ngamanye ngokunemba.

Imininingwane yokuxhumana yenxusa:

Thintana ne-Embassy / Consulate yase-U.S eseduzane ukuze uthole imininingwane esesikhathini kunazo zonke ukuthi imaphi amadokhumenti ongawadinga ngqo ukungena e-U.S.

Ukuzikhulula : Okuqukethwe yileli khasi namanye amakhasi e-web kule webhusayithi kunikezwa ngokuthembeka njengesiqondisi semininingwane ejwayelekile kuphela, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwale webhusayithi njengolwazi noma enye insiza kusengozini yomsebenzisi / umbukeli. Ngenkathi kwenziwa yonke imizamo yokwethula imininingwane enembile futhi esesikhathini, abanikazi abemukeli umthwalo noma isikweletu kule webhusayithi nganoma yimaphi amaphutha, ukushiywa, imininingwane ephelelwe yisikhathi noma edukisayo kulawa makhasi noma kunoma iyiphi enye iwebhusayithi exhunyaniswa nalawa makhasi. amakhasi noma axhunyiwe.

Umthombo ne-copyright: Umthombo we-visa engenhla nolwazi lokufuduka kanye nabaphathi be-copyright yile:

Umbukeli / umsebenzisi waleli khasi lewebhu kufanele asebenzise imininingwane engenhla kuphela njengomhlahlandlela, futhi kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi axhumane nemithombo engenhla noma abamele uhulumeni womsebenzisi ukuthola imininingwane esesikhathini ngaleso sikhathi, ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo sokuhamba. kulelo zwe noma lapho uya khona.

Okuqukethwe