Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi nginamalini ku-401k yami? Uma usuvele unayo i-401 (k) futhi ufuna ukubheka ibhalansi, kulula kakhulu. Kufanele uthole izitatimende ze-akhawunti yakho ephepheni noma ngekhompyutha . Uma kungenjalo, khuluma nomnyango we Abasebenzi bomsebenzi wakho futhi ngabuza ukuthi ngubani umhlinzeki nokuthi ungayithola kanjani i-akhawunti yabo. Izinkampani aziphathi ngokwesiko impesheni nama-akhawunti omhlalaphansi. Zithunyelwe kubaphathi bezokutshalwa kwezimali.
Abanye babaphathi abaphezulu bokutshalwa kwezimali abangama-401 (k) kufaka phakathi iFidelity Investment, iBhange laseMelika ( I-BAC - Thola Umbiko, T. Rowe Inani ( TROW , UVanguard, uCharles Schwab ( I-SCHW - Edward Jones nabanye.
Lapho usuwazi ukuthi ngubani oxhasa uhlelo noma umphathi wezotshalomali, ungaya kuwebhusayithi yabo bese ungena ngemvume, noma ubuyisele ukungena kwakho ngemvume, ukuze ubone ibhalansi ye-akhawunti yakho. Lindela ukudlula kwezinye izindlela zokuphepha uma ungenalo igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi ye-akhawunti.
Okuningi kwalokhu kufanele kumbozwe lapho uqala ama-401 (k) lapho uqashwa noma lapho inketho ye-akhawunti yomhlalaphansi itholakala kuwe. Imininingwane efana neminikelo, ukufaniswa kwenkampani, nemininingwane yokuthi ungabheka kanjani umlando wakho webhalansi nokubanjwa kwamanje kufanele inikezwe.
Ukuthola ama-401 (k) emsebenzini ongasekho kuhluke kakhulu.
Ake sithi uyeke umsebenzi wakho bese uqala omusha. Awuzange udlulisele umhlalaphansi wakho kwi-IRA. Leyo mali ayipheli. Kusekhona namanje, kusengokwakho. Ukuze uyithole, xhumana Ezabasebenzi ezivela kumqashi wakho wangaphambili . Uma kube yisinyathelo sakamuva, akufanele kube nzima kakhulu ukusilandela. Uma sekuyisikhashana kuyasiza ukuba nomazisi wakudala nezitatimende ezizokhonjiswa.
Ngingayithola kanjani ibhalansi yami engu-401K?
Ungayihlola kanjani i-401k yami. Ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwama-401 (k) lokongela umhlalaphansi kukuvumela ukuthi ubeke imali yakho kumshayeli wendiza othomathikhi ngokudonswa kwabasebenzi okuzenzakalelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uthola ukukhishwa kwentela ngeminikelo yakho futhi imali etholwayo ayikhokhiswa intela uze uthathe ukusatshalaliswa okuvela ku-akhawunti. Kodwa-ke, ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi usendleleni eya empeshenini yakho yokuphupha, udinga ukuhlola ibhalansi yakho engu-401 (k) ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngaphezu kokwazi ibhalansi yakho engama-401 (k), kubalulekile futhi ukuthi wazi ukuthi uthenge kangakanani i-akhawunti yakho, ikakhulukazi uma ucabanga ukushintsha imisebenzi maduzane.
Ukuhlola iBhalansi Yakho Yokuhlela engu-401 (K)
Uhlelo lwakho lwama-401 (k) luyadingeka ukukunikeza isitatimende somhlomulo ngamunye okungenani kanye ngonyaka uma uhlelo lwakho lwama-401 (k) lungakuvumeli ukuthi uqondise utshalomali ku-akhawunti yakho noma okungenani njalo ngekota uma ungakwazi ukuqondisa utshalomali lwakho.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zitatimende ze-akhawunti, ezinye izinhlelo ezingama-401 (k) zinikela ngokufinyelela ku-inthanethi kuma-akhawunti wakho wokuthatha umhlalaphansi ukuze uhlole ibhalansi yakho noma ulinganisele iphothifoliyo yakho. Umnyango wezabasebenzi enkampanini yakho ungakunikeza ngayo yonke imininingwane Udinga ukusetha ukungena ngemvume ku-inthanethi ukuze uhlole ibhalansi yakho engu-401 (k).
Ngifanele ngibe malini ku-401k yami?
Akukho mpendulo elingana nosayizi owodwa embuzweni: Ngifanele ngibe malini ku-401k wami? Yize kufanele uqale ukutshala imali ku-401k ngokushesha okukhulu, abanye abantu kungenzeka bangalitholi lelo thuba khona manjalo, futhi lokho kulungile. Iphuzu ukukwenza lapho ungakwazi.
Lapho ekugcineni uqala ukutshala imali, kunemithetho ethile emihle yesithupha yokukusiza wenze isinqumo esinengqondo ngokuthi kufanele ube malini ku-401k yakho.
- Eminyakeni engu-30 , Kufanele okungenani ube nonyaka owodwa wemali engenayo ku-401k wakho. Lokho kusho ukuthi uma wenza u- $ 60,000, kufanele ngabe ugcine leyo mali ku-401k yakho.
- Eminyakeni engu-40 , Kufanele okungenani ube neminyaka emithathu yemali engenayo ku-401k wakho. Lokho kusho ukuthi uma ubenza ama- $ 80,000 ngesikhathi uneminyaka engama-40, kufanele okungenani ube ne- $ 240,000 elondolozwe ku-401k yakho.
- Lapho ngineminyaka engu-50 , kufanele okungenani ube neminyaka emihlanu yemali engenayo ku-401k wakho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma ukhuphule umholo wakho waba ngu- $ 100,000, kufanele ube ne- $ 500,000 egcinwe ku-401k yakho.
- Okweminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi (iminyaka engama-65) , kufanele okungenani ube neminyaka eyisishiyagalombili engenayo ku-401k wakho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma ukhulise imali yakho engena ku- $ 150,000, kufanele ube ne- $ 1,200,000 egcinwe ku-401k yakho.
Vele, lena nje yimithetho ejwayelekile. Lokho kusho ukuthi bakunikeza eyodwa kuphela kabuhlungu isilinganiso sokuthi yini okufanele ube nayo ngesikhathi ufinyelela kule minyaka. Abacabangi iholo lakho kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho.
Eqinisweni, ayikho impendulo eyodwa yokuthi kufanele ube nokuningi kangakanani ku-401k yakho, futhi noma ngubani okutshela ngenye indlela angakuqambela amanga noma akazi nje.
Ngingakhipha ithani lezinombolo bese ngikukhombisa ukuthi kungakanani umuntu oseminyakeni yabo yama-20 nengama-30 owonga, kepha lokho kungaba wukuchitha isikhathi okuphelele ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili:
- Akunakwenzeka ukuqhathanisa ngokulingana abatshalizimali ababili. Wonke umuntu unesimo sakhe sokonga esihlukile. Kungakho kungaba ubuwula ukuqhathanisa i-Ph.D. isitshudeni sithwaliswe izinkulungwane zezikweletu zemalimboleko yabafundi ngengane yesikhwama sethemba esanda kuthola umsebenzi wokunethezeka wabantu abayisithupha ngenyanga yokuqala ngemuva kwekolishi. Kokubili kuzogcina ngokuhluke kakhulu, ngakho-ke akufanelekile ukukuqhathanisa.
- Iningi labantu alikakulungeli ngokwezimali ukuthatha umhlalaphansi. I-American Institute of Certified Public Accountants isanda kushicilela ucwaningo oluthola ukuthi cishe isigamu sabo bonke abantu baseMelika abaqiniseki ukuthi bangakwazi yini ukuthatha umhlalaphansi. Lokho kuyesabeka nakakhulu uma ucabanga iqiniso lokuthi abantu abaningi badlula ngokweqile inani lemali abayongile abazokwazi ukuyisebenzisa uma sebethathe umhlalaphansi .
Ngakho-ke esikhundleni sokukhathazeka ngama-minutiae njengokuthi kufanele ngabe ulondoloze malini, gxila esikhathini esizayo. Into ebalulekile ukuthi wena:
- Yenza ucwaningo lwakho. Lokho okwenzayo kakade ngokufunda le ndatshana.
- Ukuqondiswa ubugwegwe. Lokhu kusho ukonga imali njalo.
- Qala kusenesikhathi. Isikhathi esihle sokuqala ukutshala imali bekuyizolo. Isikhathi sesibili esihle kakhulu manje. Ngakho-ke qala futhi ungakhathazeki ngokunye.
Kungakho kubaluleke kangaka ukuthi uqonde kahle ukuthi iyini i-401k yakho nokuthi kungani ibaluleke kangaka isu lakho lokuthatha umhlalaphansi.
Isibopho: Ukuba nemali engenayo engaphezu kweyodwa kungakusiza ukuthi ubhekane nezikhathi ezinzima zomnotho. Funda ukuthi ungaqala kanjani ukuthola imali eyengeziwe nge-MAHHALA Wami Wokugcina Wokuhola Imali
Yini i-401k?
I-401k uhlobo olunamandla lwe-akhawunti yomhlalaphansi izinkampani eziningi ezinikeza abasebenzi bazo. Ngenkathi ngayinye yokukhokha, ufaka ingxenye ethile yomholo wakho ngaphambi kwentela ku-akhawunti.
Ibizwa ngokuthi i-akhawunti yomhlalaphansi ngoba ikunikeza izinzuzo ezinkulu zentela uma ungakhiphi imali yakho uze ube neminyaka engama-59½ (iminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi).
Futhi kunezinzuzo eziningana zokuba ne-akhawunti engu-401k:
- Ukutshalwa kwezimali ngaphambi kwentela. Imali oyifaka kuhlelo lwama-401k ayikhokhiswa intela uze uyikhiphe ngo-59½, okusho ukuthi unemali eningi kakhulu ongayitshala ekukhuleni okuhlanganisiwe. Uma leyo mali yatshalwa ku-akhawunti ejwayelekile yokutshala imali, ingxenye yayo iya enteleni yemali engenayo.
- Imali yamahhala enokufana komqashi. Izinkampani eziningi ezinikezela ngama-401k zizokufanisa no-1: 1 kuze kufike kumaphesenti athile weholo lakho. Ake sithi inkampani yakho inikeza umdlalo we-5%. Uma uhola u- $ 100,000 / ngonyaka bese utshala u-5% womholo wakho wonyaka ($ 5,000), ibhizinisi lakho lizokufanisa ne- $ 5,000, liphindaphinde utshalomali lwakho. Imali yamahhala!
- Ukutshalwa kwemali okuzenzakalelayo. Ngama-401k, imali yakho ikhishwa kumholo wakho futhi itshalwe ngokuzenzekelayo, okusho ukuthi akudingeki ungene kwi-akhawunti yomthengisi ukuze utshale imali njalo ngenyanga. Leli iqhinga elihle ngokwengqondo lokugcina utshala imali.
Bheka ishadi elingezansi elikhombisa ukuthi kungani kufanele utshale imali ku-401k yakho njalo:
| Iminyaka | Iminikelo yakho | Umdlalo womqashi | Ibhalansi ngaphandle kwesinxephezelo somqashi | Ukulingana nozakwabo womqashi |
| 25 | $ 5,000 | $ 5,000 | $ 5.214 | $ 10,428 |
| 30 | $ 5,000 | $ 5,000 | $ 38,251 | $ 76,501 |
| 35 | $ 5,000 | $ 5,000 | $ 86,792 | $ 173,585 |
| 40 | $ 5,000 | $ 5,000 | $ 158,116 | $ 316,231 |
| Isine | $ 5,000 | $ 5,000 | $ 262,913 | $ 525,826 |
| amashumi amahlanu | $ 5,000 | $ 5,000 | $ 416,895 | $ 833,790 |
| 55 | $ 5,000 | $ 5,000 | $ 643,145 | $ 1,286,290 |
| 60 | $ 5,000 | $ 5,000 | $ 975,581 | $ 1,951,161 |
| Amashumi ayisithupha nanhlanu | $ 5,000 | $ 5,000 | $ 1,350,762 | $ 2,701,525 |
Ngakho-ke impendulo enhle yokuthi kufanele ngibe nengakanani ku-401k yami ingukuthi okungenani kwanele ukuthi umqashi afane. Futhi empeleni, kunezizathu ezimbili kuphela zokuthi ungatshali imali ku-401k:
- Ubhajwe esiqhingini esisehlane futhi izinzuzo zabasebenzi ziyashoda.
- Umqashi wakho wamanje akanikeli ngama-401k.
Uma umqashi wakho enikeza uhlelo olufanayo lwama-401k, qiniseka ukuthi ushayela omele i-HR yakho bese ubhalisela lona ngokushesha okukhulu.
Uma umqashi wakho enganikeli ngohlelo lwama-401k, bhalisa noma kunjalo (kepha ngeke ufune ukutshala imali kulo - hlola ividiyo yami engezansi ukuthola eminye imininingwane).
Uma wenza kanjalo, ungaqala ukuzibuza ukuthi kufanele ube malini ku-401k yakho. Futhi impendulo incike ezicini eziningana.
Ungafaka malini ku-akhawunti yakho yomhlalaphansi?
Njenge-Roth IRA, kunomkhawulo wokuthi unganikela kangakanani ku-401k. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani neRoth IRA, unganikela nge-LOT ngaphezulu.
Kusukela ngo-2019, unganikela ku- $ 19,000 unyaka ngamunye ku-401k yakho uma ungaphansi kweminyaka engama-50.
Uma ungaphezu kweminyaka engama-50, unganikela kuze kufike ku- $ 6,000 ngaphezulu, ngemali ephezulu engu- $ 24,500 / ngonyaka.
Uma kuqhathaniswa neRoth IRA, lapho unganikela kuphela kufika ku- $ 6,000 ngonyaka, leli ithuba emangalisayo Ikakhulukazi njengoba imali yakho yangaphambi kwentela ihlangana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kufanele unikele malini ku-401k yakho?
Ukuthi kufanele utshale malini nyangazonke kuncike ohlelweni engilubiza ngokuthi yi-Personal Finance Scale. Bheka izindawo ezintathu:
- 401k womqashi wakho. Inyanga ngayinye, kufanele unikele ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uthole okuningi kunikelo we-401k wenkampani yakho. Lokho kusho ukuthi uma ibhizinisi lakho linikezela ngokufana no-5%, kufanele unikele KUNGABEKHO 5% wemali yakho engenayo yanyanga zonke ku-401k wakho njalo ngenyanga.
- Uma unesikweletu. Uma usuvumile ukufaka okungenani umnikelo womqashi ku-401k yakho, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awunasikweletu. Uma kungenjalo, kuhle! Uma kwenzeka, kulungile.
- Umnikelo wakho weRoth IRA. Uma usuqale ukunikela ku-401k wakho futhi ususe isikweletu sakho, ungaqala ukutshala imali kwiRoth IRA. Ngokungafani ne-401k yakho, le akhawunti yokutshala izimali ikuvumela ukuthi utshale imali ngemuva kwentela futhi ayiqoqi intela kumholo wakho. Ngokubhalwa kwalokhu, unganikela kuze kufike ku- $ 6,000 / ngonyaka.
Uma usufake isandla kulowo mkhawulo wama- $ 6,000 ku-Roth IRA yakho, buyela emuva ku-401k wakho bese uqala ukunikela ngale weqembu.
Khumbula, unganikela ku- $ 19,000 / ngonyaka ku-401k yakho uma ungaphansi kweminyaka engama-50. Ngakho-ke akufanele ube nenkinga yokuqhubeka nokutshala imali ku-401k yakho.
Futhi uma ukwazi ukuyikhipha, qiniseka ukungishayela ucingo. Sizophuma siyophuza nawe.
Kepha uRamit, kungani kufanele ngikhiphe iRoth IRA yami ngaphambi kwe-401k yami uma yinhle?
Kunempikiswano eningi emkhakheni wezezimali zomuntu siqu ngalo kanye lolu daba, kepha isikhundla sami sisekele intela nezinqubomgomo.
Uma ucabanga ukuthi umsebenzi wakho uhamba kahle, uzoba kubakaki bentela ephakeme lapho uthatha umhlalaphansi, okusho ukuthi kuzodingeka ukhokhe intela ethe xaxa nge-401k. Futhi, amanani entela kungenzeka akhuphuke ngokuzayo.
Isiteji sezimali somuntu siqu siyasiza uma ucabanga ukuthi yini okufanele uyibeke eqhulwini uma kukhulunywa ngotshalomali lwakho. Ngeminye imininingwane, bukela ividiyo yami engaphansi kwemizuzu emithathu lapho ngiyichaza khona.
Izilinganiso ezinamalungelo aqinisekisiwe nangaphandle kwezimali
Ingxenye enkulu yohlelo lwakho lwama-401 (k) yingxenye ongayithatha uma uyeka ukusebenzela inkampani. Uhlala uzibophezele ngokuphelele eminikelweni oyenzayo kuhlelo lwakho lwama-401 (k), ngakho-ke ungayeki ukwenza iminikelo ngoba awazi ukuthi uzohlala isikhathi esingakanani nenkampani. Kepha uma ungenamalungelo obunikazi lapho ushiya, ungalahlekelwa eminye noma yonke iminikelo umqashi wakho akwenzele yona.
Ukutholwa Kweminikelo Yomqashi
Kodwa-ke, umqashi wakho angasebenzisa ishejuli yemiklomelo yeminikelo abayenzela wena, efana neminikelo efanayo. Kodwa-ke, kunomkhawulo wesikhathi umqashi angakudinga ukuthi usebenze ngaphambi kokuba unikezwe ngokugcwele. Uhlelo ngalunye lokunikezela kufanele lunikezwe okungenani ngokushesha okukodwa kokukhethwa kukho okubili.
Uhlelo lwemiklomelo kaCliff ludinga ukuthi bonke abasebenzi babe sezandleni zabo ngokugcwele ekunikelweni kwabaqashi ekupheleni konyaka wesithathu wokuqashwa. Ishejuli yemiklomelo ngezigaba idinga ukuthi abasebenzi okungenani babe namaphesenti angama-20 amalungelo anikezwe ngemuva kweminyaka emibili kanye namaphesenti angama-20 angeziwe minyaka yonke ngemuva kwalokho.
Isibonelo, ishejuli yokuhlanganisa enikeza abasebenzi amaphesenti ayi-10 omnikelo wabaqashi ngemuva konyaka wokuqala, bese kuba namaphesenti angama-30 angeziwe unyaka ngamunye ngemuva kwalokho, angafaneleka ngoba ihlala ingaphambi kwesheduli yokuqinisa. Kodwa-ke, ishejuli yamalungelo enikeza abasebenzi ngokugcwele ngemuva kweminyaka emine, kepha enganikeli ngamalungelo ngaphambi kwalelo phuzu, izokwehluleka isivivinyo ngoba, ekupheleni konyaka wesithathu, isisebenzi asinamalungelo aphelele, okusemuva zombili izinketho.
Okuqukethwe
- Ngingayithola kanjani ibhalansi yami engu-401K?
- Ukuhlola iBhalansi Yakho Yokuhlela engu-401 (K)
- Ngifanele ngibe malini ku-401k yami?
- Yini i-401k?
- Ungafaka malini ku-akhawunti yakho yomhlalaphansi?
- Kufanele unikele malini ku-401k yakho?
- Izilinganiso ezinamalungelo aqinisekisiwe nangaphandle kwezimali
- Ukutholwa Kweminikelo Yomqashi